在托福阅读长难句部分，我们常常会剖析句子的结构，找出句子的主干，然后在分析其他的成份。而分词常用来作为修饰成份，在分析长难句的时候常常是类似形容词的概念出现。分词汇会影响考生对句子的理解，以及辅助构成句子结构。因此，前程百利小编在本文和大家分享托福阅读长难句中分词修饰的情况。
首先，介绍一下什么是分词
分词有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词主要是动词+ing的形式，表示主动关系，修饰名词;
例如：The students went out of th9 classroom, laughing and talking
This is really an exhausting day to all of us
We saw them walking across the road
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door
而过去分词是动词+ed的形式，表示被动关系。
例如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better
We can see the pad of the moon lighted by sunlight
其次，分词在句中的作用
1)作状语
分词在句子中作状语的时候，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等关系。
例如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better (条件/原因)
Taking a Key out of his pocket, he opened the door(伴随)
需要注意的是：1、分词或者是分词短语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语应该与主句的主语一致。2、注意现在分词和过去分词的使用情况，即主动和被动关系。
2)做定语
分词做定语是最常见的形式，不过，现在分词和过去分词在做定语修饰名词的时候，需要区分含义。
例如：This is really an exhausting day to all of us(令人疲倦的)
There is a car waiting outside表示状态(there be结构中要用ing形式)
They're problem left over by history.(动词和名词之间是被动关系)
不过，考生需要几点内容：
1.分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
2.现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)
3.过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)
最后，分析长难句中的分词
例1：The same thing happens (to this day) , though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river stream emerges ( from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land), (dropping its load as the current slows)：the water (usually) spreads out ( fanwise) , depositing the sediment (in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope).
难句结构拆分：
主干部分：The same thing happens
分词修饰：
1. dropping its load as the current slows
2. depositing the sediment (in the form of a smooth, fanshaped slope).
难句类型：主、谓、宾结构+wherever引导的状语从句+分词结构做状语:
例2：This "atmospheric engine" invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed (outside the coal mines) (for which it had been designed.)
难句结构拆分：
主干部分：This "atmospheric engine" invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improve by his partner. Thomas Newcomen. embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that
分词修饰：......invented by Thomas Savery and vastly
improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen......
都是做的后置定语
难句类型：过去分词作定语+同位语+so…that句型+介词前置的which定语从句
以上就是分词修饰长难句的用法以及例题解析，希望以上和大家分享的内容，可以帮助考生更好地完成托福阅读内容。同样希望考生能够在使用分词形式修饰的时候，做到更加准确。
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