托福阅读包括十大题型，指代题是其中一类比较直观的问题。而解决指代题目的关键就是找到代词所指的名词、短语或者是句子内容。为了帮助考生更好地解决指代题的解题难点，前程百利小编和大家分享托福阅读十大题型解析中指代题的用法。
首先，认识指代题
指代题主要是指代词代指句子中的名词、句子或者是短语，从而避免重复出现造成的句子冗杂。
指代题的提问方式：
The word X in the passage refers to
The phrase X in the passage refers to
其次，指代题遵从4个原则
1)人称一致，单复数一致
it, which is, XXX has——指代单数
they, them, XXX were——指代复数
2)先出答案，再出代词
Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
后面的it代指前面出现的名词Pakicetus。
3)答案与代词通常同句，除非代词在句首
When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours.
在这里代词they指代前面出现的the fins
4)句意符合逻辑_
Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris
由于代词them是复数形式，所以这里可以定位到前面的三个复数名词，然后分别带到them的位置，只有glaciers符合逻辑。
最后，指代题的解题策略
指代题主要涉及两方面的指代关系，一是代表单词或词组，二是代表句子一群。
1、代指单词或者词组
策略一：代词主语(it, they)
主从复合句或者是相邻两句话中后句代词主语指代前句名词主语。
Jazz is a mixture of many different kinds of music. It is a combination of the music of West Africa the work songs the slave sang, and religious music.
相邻的两句话中，后一句的it指代前句名词主语Jazz。
策略二：代词宾语(it, them)
一句话或者是两个并列动词中，第二个动词后的代词指代第一个动词后面的名词。
X-rays allow art historians to examine potteries internally without damaging them.
第一个动词examine，第二个动词damage所以them代指potteries。
解题策略——代表单词或词组
策略三：关系代词 that, which, what就近指代
But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or the active involvement of master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.
关系代词which就近指代前面的名词entertainment。
策略四：平行结构(some…others…)
Some fossils endured through so many millions of years that they appear In many strata, but others occur only in a few strata, and a few species had their births and extinctions within one particular stratum.
Some……others是连接两个并列成分，所以后面的others指代前面的other fossils。
2、代表句子意群
策略一：指示代词(this)
Nearly every other animal has a relatively heavy coat of fur to protect it from the weather. When humans began changing their environment by wearing clothes and building homes, this became unnecessary.
this 代指 has a relatively heavy coat
策略二：关系代词(which)
Nylon had many advantages; it was tough and stiff; it tended to keep its shape; and moisture could not soak into it which discourage the growth of bacteria.
就近指代，指的是moisture could not soak into it
策略三：替代形式
The Nile waters were found to be choked with plant matter. That awful condition was caused by a shortage of rainfall in the Nile’s watershed.
that指代前面的一句话
以上就是托福阅读十大题型指代题的题目类型以及解题方法。考生在解答指代题的相关问题的时候，要注意准确运用指代题的相关内容，从而能够更好地完成托福阅读任务。
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