猜词策略对于考生的词汇学习以及阅读理解有着非常重要的作用。掌握一定的猜词技巧可以提高考生的阅读速度、节省阅读时间,也有利于激发考生的阅读兴趣,养成良好的阅读习惯。下面小编就为大家分享托福阅读考试中猜测词义的一些方法,大家一起来学习一下吧。
一、释义线索
1. 以定义为线索来猜测词义
文章中的生词,作者通过明确的定义来解释这一生词,一些信号词如:to be,mean,refer to,be defined,be known as,be called.
例:Oceanography has been defined as the application of all science to the study of the sea.
信号词“be defined as”已经做出明确的定义,它(Oceanography)是一门关于海洋的学科。
2. 以列举的例子为线索猜测词义
为表达清楚某一抽象词义,作者通过具体举例把这一抽象事物物化。常用的信号词:like,for example,for instance,such as,especially,include,consist of,specially。
例:Cold beverages like iced tea, fruit juice, coca-cola and milkshakes are sold everywhere on a hot day.
句中通过所举的例子:“iced tea, fruit juice, coca-cola and milkshakes”的意思,已经包括在beverage中,因此可以猜测“beverage”是所有“饮料”的统称。
3. 以重述为线索猜测词义
为了将一重要的、复杂的事情说得清楚、明了,作者往往重述。重述时作者使用的语言简单、明了。一些信号词为:in other words,or,to put it another way,that is,that is to say,to be precise等。
例:There has been an upsurge of interest in this aspect of reading difficulty, which he has been variously described as word blindness, dyslexia or specific reading disability.
句中“dyslexia”的意思由其后的重述部分“specific reading disability”表述出来,意思是“阅读障碍”。
二、逻辑关系线索
1. 以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义
作者用同义词、近义词来解释一个关键词,常见的信号词:or,like,as…as,the same as。
例:Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.
“emulate”的词义由信号词“or”引导的短语“copy the behavior”表达出来,意思是“模仿,仿效”。
2. 以反义词、对比关系为线索猜测词义
作者通过对比的手法来表现事物之间的差异,信号词为:but,yet,however,while,whereas,otherwise,in spite of,despite,nevertheless等。
The United States has some strange laws. For instance it permits cigarette companies to advertise their products in magazines and newspapers, yet it bans cigarette commercials on TV.
由信号词“yet”引导的“ban”的意思与“permit”正好相反,即为“禁止”。
3. 以因果关系为线索猜测词义
句子中的一些词,与上下文处于一种因果关系之中,常用的信号词为:as,because,consequently,therefore,due to,result in,for this reason,so that等。
例:Mr. Johns is so phlegmatic that he never gets excited about anything.
从“so that”引出的结果——“never get excited about anything(从不对任何事情感到兴奋)”我们可以直接推断出“phlegmatic”是“冷漠”的意思。
三、背景知识线索
任何一个作者写一篇文章,都有一定的思维模式,一定的背景知识做依据。
例:One of a doctor's most important and most responsible tasks is diagnosis. He must decide what is wrong with his patient and what disease he has, he must diagnose his condition. If a doctor does not diagnose the disease correctly, he will give the patient the wrong treatment.
这里根据我们所掌握的生活经验,“diagnose”的意思不难猜测出来是“诊断”的意思。
以上就是小编为大家分享的托福考试中猜测词义的方法,希望能给考生的学习带来帮助。最后,小编祝愿各位考生在托福考试中取得好成绩!
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