根据官方对于托福综合口语task6的诠释以及我们对此的了解，我们知道托福口语第六道题是一个学术讲座的内容。主要涉及生命科学类、社会科学类、自然科学类以及人文科学类。话题内容和第四部分相似，但是出题方式和第五道题相似。
第六道题目，涉及到的问题主要考查对讲座中观点和例子的记忆以及用这些细节解释学术概念。所以，在这份听力中，笔记的重点就落在作者的观点、举例以及学术概念。
下面我们先来看一篇学术讲座的听力文本，来了解一下，作者是如何提出观点、举例说明讲座的学术概念的。当然，同时，我们也应该记录文本中的主要观点和例子。
Professor
We all know that insects like to eat plants. But some plants have been able to develop ways to protect themselves from insects. Today I am going to talk about some ways plants defend themselves. ①Now, some plants have physical features that prevent insects from landing on them, like the passion plant for example, its leaves have little spiky hairs all over them. They are like spikes, sticking out of the plant that are so numerous and dense that they prevent insects from landing on the leaves. Basically there is just no room for the insects to land. And since insects can't land on the leaves they can't eat them. So the little hairs serve as a physical feature that helps protect the passion plant from insects.
首先，在这一段中，作者提出“ We all know that insects like to eat plants(我们都知道昆虫喜欢吃植物)“，但是，一转折，作者提出讲座的主题” Today I am going to talk about some ways plants defend themselves(植物如何抵御昆虫)“。所以，很自然的作者讲到了植物抵御昆虫的一种方法，那就是通过植物的物理特征(例如，龙珠果外表的细丝，让昆虫没有落脚之地”。)来抵御昆虫。
All right, ②but other plants protect themselves using chemical defenses, like the potato plant. The potato plant’s able to release a chemical throughout its leaf system whenever an insect attacks it, starts eating a leaf. So saying an insect starts eating a potato plant's leaf. That will cause the plant to react by releasing a chemical throughout its leaf system. The insect swallows this chemical as it eats and this chemical discourages the insect from wanting to eat any more of the plant. How? Well, the substance makes the insect feel full, like it’s already had enough to eat. The insect no longer feels hungry. So it stops eating the plant. So by emitting this chemical, the potato plant protects itself from insects.
这一段，作者第一句话就提出动物抵御昆虫的第二种方法“other plants protect themselves using chemical defenses(一些植物通过化学物质抵御昆虫)”。并且，举例以马铃薯这种植物为例。这种化学物质，会通过昆虫啃食马铃薯时释放，然后遍布枝叶的整个系统。这种化学物质会使昆虫有一种饱腹的感觉，从而阻止昆虫啃食植物。
所以根据讲座两段内容，我们可以记录讲座关于植物抵御昆虫的两种方法，以及每个方法对应的例子。这样一来，就可以应对下面的题目了。
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