托福口语task6是托福口语考试中的最后一道题，但是也同时是一道比较难的试题。因为这个题目中主要是关于学术类的一些话题，很多考生对于学术类型的词汇和相关的句式不了解，另外由于这一道题主要是考察考生的听力水平，所以在听听力的时候不会抓重点的同学在这一道题中难免失分。本次前程百利小编就用TPO中的一道关于心理学的问题和大家分享一下这类题目的相关词汇，希望可以帮助大家备考托福。
Listening Part:
Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
Professor (female) Why do we do the things we do? What drives us to participate in certain activities, to buy a certain car or even to choose a certain career? In other words, what motivates us to do what we do?
Well, in studies of motivation, psychologists distinguish between two very different types, our reasons for doing something; our motivations can be extrinsic, in other words, based on some kind of external reward like praise or money. Or they can be intrinsic, meaning we engage in the activity because it pleases us internally.(引出这篇学术类话题的主要内容)
Both create strong forces that lead us to behave in certain ways. However, intrinsic motivation is generally considered to be more long-lasting than the other. As I said, extrinsic motivation is external. (说明内部和外部动机的特点)It’s the desire to behave in a certain way in order to obtain some kind of external reward. A child, for example, who regularly does small jobs around the house, does them not because she enjoys taking out the garbage or doing the dishes but because she knows if she does these things she’ll be given a small amount of money for doing them. (举例)But how motivated would the child be to continue doing the work if her parents suddenly stop giving her money for it?
With intrinsic or internal motivation, we want to do something because we enjoy it, or get us a sense of accomplishment from it. Most people who are internally motivated get pleasure from the activity. So they just feel good about doing it. For example, I go to the gym several times a week. I don’t go because I’m training for a marathon or anything, I just enjoy it. I have more energy after I exercise and I know it’s good for my health. So it makes me feel good about myself. And that’s what’s kept me going there for the past five years.
Question:
Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two types of motivation.
一.首先我们来看一下在文章中出现的一些关于心理类的词汇。
1. Psychology：n. 心理学;心理状态
2. Intrinsic：adj. 本质的，固有的
Sometimes I wonder if people are intrinsically evil.
3. external.：adj. 外部的;表面的;[药] 外用的;外国的;外面的
a much reduced heat loss through external walls.
4. Motivate：vt. 刺激;使有动机;激发…的积极性
They are motivated by a need to achieve.
接下来我们再来看一下对于我们解题比较重要的词汇。
1.Drive：驱动
The current flows into electric motors that drive the wheels.
电流流入驱动轮子的电动机。
2.Distinguish：vt. 区分;辨别;使杰出，使表现突出
Could he distinguish right from wrong?
3.Extrinsic：adj. 外在的;外来的;非固有的
Nowadays there are fewer extrinsic pressures to get married.
现在，结婚与否很少受到来自外部的压力。
二.接下来我们再来看一下在心理学中经常出现的一些单词。
1.bias n. 偏见;偏爱;
We mustn't allow it to bias our teaching.
2.Contemptuous英 [kən'tem(p)tjʊəs] 美[kən'tɛmptʃuəs ]
adj. 轻蔑的;侮辱的
He was contemptuous of the poor.
3. presumptuous：英[prɪ'zʌm(p)tʃʊəs] 美[prɪ'zʌmptʃuəs]
adj. 专横的;放肆的;冒昧的
It would be presumptuous to judge what the outcome will be.
4.sentimental英[sentɪ'ment(ə)l] 美['sɛntə'mɛntl]
adj. 伤感的;多愁善感的;感情用事的;寓有情感的
I'm trying not to be sentimental about the past.
5.doleful英['dəʊlfʊl; -f(ə)l]
adj. 寂寞的;悲哀的;阴沉的;忧郁的
He gave me a long, doleful look.
6.pensive英['pensɪv] 美['pɛnsɪv]
adj. 沉思的，忧郁的;悲伤的，哀愁的
He looked suddenly sombre, pensive
7. trying adj. 难受的;难堪的;费劲的;令人厌烦的
Support from those closest to you is vital in these trying times.
8.disdain英[dɪs'deɪn; -z-] 美[dɪs'den]
n. 蔑视;vt. 鄙弃
Janet looked at him with disdain
9 .sinister：英['sɪnɪstə] 美['sɪnɪstɚ]
adj. 阴险的;凶兆的;灾难性的;左边的
There was something sinister about him that she found disturbing.
10.furious英['fjʊərɪəs] 美['fjʊrɪəs] dj. 激烈的;狂怒的;热烈兴奋的;喧闹的 He is furious at the way his wife has been treated.
以上就是前程百利小编要和大家分享的关于托福口语中心理类的一些词汇，希望大家掌握这些词汇，在托福口语考试中取得好成绩!如果想了解更多考试资讯，下载更多备考资料，欢迎登陆前程百利论坛，最后预祝每一位考生都能考出好成绩。
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