中国古代因为人性本善还是人性本恶有过很长时间的争论，不过不管你心中对于这种观点的看法是什么，人类的行为毕竟都得到了后天的纠正。那么人类为什么会纠正自己的行为呢?现在就跟着前程百利小编一起来看看这则托福口语解析吧!希望可以帮助大家在托福口语考试中取得好成绩!
Reading Part: Behavior Modification
①Individuals often modify their behavior based on what they have learned about the possible consequences of their actions. When an individual learns through experience that a certain behavior results in pleasant consequences, that behavior is likely to be repeated. An unpleasant consequence, on the other hand, discourages further repetition of the behavior. While behavior modification can be observed in experiments, it also occurs frequently in everyday settings, when individuals change their behavior based on what they have learned about the consequences of that behavior.
Listening Part:
Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic in a Psychology class.
(male) This happens all the time with kids in schools. Say there was a little boy or girl who’s just starting school. Well, they’re not really used to the rules about proper behaviors for classroom. ②So at the beginning they might, I don’t know, interrupt the teacher, walk around the classroom when they’re supposed to be sitting down. You know, just misbehaving in general.
Ok, but, what happens? ③Well, the teacher gets angry with them when they act this way. They might get punished. They have to sit at their desks when everyone else is allowed to go outside and play. And they certainly don’t like that.④ Soon, they’ll learn that this kind of behavior gets them in trouble. ⑤They’ll also learn that when they raise their hand to talk to the teacher and sit quietly and pay attention during class, they are rewarded. ⑥ The teacher tells them she’s proud of them and maybe puts a little happy-face sticker on their homework. Now that their behavior gets a good reaction from the teacher, the kids learn to always act this way in class. And not behave the way they used to.
Question:
Using the example from the lecture, explain what behavior modification is and how it works.
一.范文
The professor talks about behavior modification which is people would change or modify a behavior according to the result of that behavior. The professor gives the example of school kids. When they interrupt the teacher or misbehave in any other way, the teacher gets angry and might punish them by not allowing them to play outside. So the kids will learn those behaviors get them in trouble, and will likely stop doing it. On the other hand, when they behave themselves in the classroom, the teacher will tell them she’s proud of them and put a little happy face sticker on their homework. Therefore the kids will begin to act in the way in which they can receive more compliment.
二.重点句式：
1. ①中的主干是Individuals often modify their behavior ，based是现在分词作后置定语，修饰behavior，what引起了宾语从句。这句话在文章的开头就表明了人们纠正自己行为的原因，是需要我们注意的地方。
2. ②这句话中interrupt the teacher, walk around the classroom是并列陈分，when引起了时间状语从句，be supposed to应该是….。这句话列举了学生的一些不合适的行为，为论证阅读中的定义做铺垫。符合听力十三原则中的举例原则。
3. ③中需要注意的语法知识点是get angry with和…生气，have to不得不，when引起了时间状语从句，be allowed to do被允许做….。这句话中表明了老师面对这种学生的一种反应，比如老师会生气，会惩罚他们在别人出去玩的时候会不让这些不遵守纪律的学生出去。具体的说明了这个事情的经过。
4. ④这句话中的主干是they’ll learn t ，that引起了宾语从句，get… in trouble使…陷入麻烦.老师做出这样的反应之后，学生就因为这种行为不会受到鼓励，而不会再去做这件事。
5. ⑤这句话的主干是They’ll also learn，that引起了宾语从句，when引起了时间状语从句，pay attention集中注意力。当他们举手回答问题，静静的坐着的时候，他们会得到奖励。这里引出了文章中的第二个例子，符合听力十三原则中的举例原则。
6. ⑥中的主干是The teacher tells them，she’s proud of them and maybe puts a little happy-face sticker on their homework.做的宾语从句，其中的that胜率了，tell sb. sth. be proud of以…为荣，这句话具体的描述了老师对于学生的行为的反应，老师是鼓励学生这样做的。
三.解析：
1. Reading key.
(1.1) Term: Behavior Modification.
(1.2) Definition: Individuals often modify their behavior based on what they have learned about the possible consequences of their actions.
2. Listening key.
(2.1) Example part one.
(2.1.1) Improper behavior: walking around the classroom; interrupting the teacher.
(2.1.2) Reaction from teacher: gets mad; punish them by not allowing them to play outside.
(2.1.3) Result: discourages further repetition of the behavior.
(2.2) Example part two.
(2.2.1) Proper behavior: sitting quietly in class, raising hand before talking.
(2.2.2) Reaction from teacher: tells the kids she’s proud of them; puts happy face stickers on their homework.
(2.2.3) Result: kids will repeat the desirable behavior to receive more compliment from the teacher.
四.模板：
The professor talks about
The professor gives the example
On the other hand
Therefore
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