每个人在社会中都离不开交换，我们必须付出一定的货币价值才能换取我们想要的东西，那么其中的等量价值是由什么决定的呢?一些商品一开始的定价受什么影响呢?现在就跟着前程百利小编一起来看看这则托福口语备考资料吧!希望可以帮助大家提升托福口语水平，增强托福口语实力!
Listening Part:
Now listen to part of a lecture in a business class.
(female) Today we’ll talk about how companies determine the initial prices for their products. Uh, by that I mean when they first introduce the products in the market. There’re different approaches and today we’ll discuss two of them. They’re quite different, each with their own advantages.
One approach, or strategy, sets the initial price of the product high followed by a lower price at a later stage. Why? Well, when introducing a new product, companies want to build a high quality image for it. Products that cost more are believed to be of higher quality. So, during the early stages of the product life cycle, companies can make very high profits from consumer ’s willing to pay more for a high quality product, and although consumers know that price will eventually do down, they’re also willing to pay more to get the product sooner. This approach works very well with, oh, innovative high-tech products, for example. Now just think about when video recorders or video cameras or even cell phones first came out. They were very expensive. But then they became much more accessible.
Another very common strategy sets the initial price low. Now this happens when the market is already saturates with the product and the strategy is to undercut its competitors. Say, there’s a newly starting computer maker trying to gain market share. So what did they do? Well, they offered a computer at an affordable price, lower than existing brands. By doing this, the company appeals to new consumers who weren’t probably even interested in getting a computer. And, well, of course, to existing consumers who might now be tempted to switch brands. Now how does this company make profits with its low-priced computers? Well, one thing that’s often done is to encourage their customers to buy accessories also manufactured by them, like printers or software, for example.
一.在文章中有一些可以帮助我们解题的单词，你知道吗?现在就跟着前程百利小编一起来看看吧!
(1)和经济有关的一些词汇
1. initial price：开价;最初成本;最初价格
The companies got a good initial price, and their stock generally did well after that
2. strategy：n. 战略，策略
The energy secretary will present the strategy tomorrow afternoon.
3. quality：n. 质量
Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life.
4. profit：n. 利润;利益
The bank made pre-tax profits of $6.5 million.
5. saturate：vt. 浸透，使湿透;使饱和，使充满
In the last days before the vote, both sides are saturating the airwaves.
6. undercut：vt. 廉价出售;
Subsidies allow growers to undercut competitors and depress world prices.
7. competitor：n. 竞争者，对手
Schwab leads the brokerage market, with more than twice the share of its nearest competitor.
8. market share：贸易] 市场占有率
The decision to low-ball the Fire to gain market share is both wise and far-seeing.
9. affordable：adj. 负担得起的
It is affordable and authentic so do not expect to hear a word of English there.
(2)可以帮助我们解题的词汇
1. approach：n. 方法;途径;接近
He didn't approach the front door at once.
2. innovative：adj. 革新的，创新的
But credit Kempton for getting people to think about innovative ways to lower energy costs.
3. accessible：adj. 易接近的;可进入的;可理解的
The centre is easily accessible to the general public.
4. appeal to sb：取悦某人;吸引某人
5. tempt：vt. 诱惑;引起;冒…的风险;使感兴趣
Cars like that may tempt drivers to speed.
6. accessory：n. 配件;附件;[
It is a basic non-electric accessory, which is quite similar to typical rowing machines at gyms.
7. manufacture：vt. 制造;加工;捏造
They manufacture the class of plastics known as thermoplastic materials.
8. printer：n. [计] 打印机;印刷工;印花工
The manuscript had already been sent off to the printer.
9. software：n. 软件
This is a remarkable piece of software, with a remarkable team of coders behind it.
二.在考试中经常出现的词汇还有哪些呢?
1. mix economy：混合经济
Its problems stem from a mix of outdated sewer pipes, the economy, court rulings and public corruption.
2.protectionism：保护主义
Economists fear a similar wave of protectionism today could plunge the world back into recession.
3.understanding：约定
4.stagnation：n. 停滞;滞止
Considering the stagnation of the past 20 years, this is a huge step forward.
5.convertibility：可兑换性
Internationalization of the RMB and free convertibility under capital account are closely linked.
以上就是前程百利小编要和大家分享的托福口语考试中经常出现的词汇，希望可以帮助大家备考，如果想了解更多考试资讯，欢迎登陆前程百利论坛，最后预祝每一位考生都能考出好成绩。
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