物竞天择，适者生存。捕食者和被捕食者之间也在进行着较量。很多情况下被捕食者很难和捕食者正面决斗，所以为了生存，很多生物进化出了多种多样的技能去适应环境。那么你知道这类话题该怎样解题呢?你知道在托福口语考试中该则样解决这类话题吗?现在就跟着前程百利小编一起来看看这则托福综合口语解析吧!希望可以帮助大家在托福口语考试中取得好成绩!
· Now listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.
(Female Professor) ①Now many sea animals, in order to hide from predators, have, over time, developed different kinds of camouflage to help them blend in with their environment and avoid detection by predators.
Picture the surface of the sea floor, it’s as varied as the land we live on. It’s got peaks and valleys, vegetation, rocky areas, and ②some sea animals have developed permanent colors or shapes to resemble these environmental features. This camouflage helps to disguise them from predators by enabling them to blend into, uh, a specific part of the sea.③ For instance, take a kind of fish like the Leafy Sea Dragon, well, the name says it all, ④it resembles a small green dragon with leaf-like protrusions sticking out like arms. Now because its colors and shapes, it blends in extremely well with green sea plants. So when the Leafy Sea Dragon is swimming through these plants, predators have trouble seeing it.⑤ But when it enters other environments without these green plants, its camouflage doesn’t work anymore.
⑥Now other sea animals are difficult to spot anywhere in the sea because their type of camouflage enables them to change color. Take the Cuttlefish, a fish that is closely related to the squid and octopus, unlike Leafy Sea Dragons, Cuttlefish have not developed any particular shape to hide from predators.⑦ But, uh, they have a lot more mobility because their camouflage allows them to blend in to any environment, because Cuttlefish have shifting pigments that allow them to change color in a matter of seconds, and, so they can almost instantaneously match their color of their surroundings. If they’re swimming by green sea plants, they’ll turn green. And if they’re swimming over the brown sea floor, they’ll turn brown.
Question:
Using the examples of Leafy Sea Dragon and the Cuttle fish, describe two kinds of camouflage and the benefits they provide.
一.范文
The professor talks about two kinds of camouflage which are permanent camouflage and temporary camouflage. She talks about permanent ones first. Leafy sea dragon has leaf-like protrusions sticking out its body. When it’s near the leafy part of the ocean floor, it blends in really well, but because this camouflage is permanent, when the sea dragon leaves the leafy surrounding, it can be spotted very easily. The second kind of camouflage is temporary, meaning it can change according the environment. Take the cuttlefish for example, it has color shifting pigments in its skin, so it can change color. When it’s near green sea plant, it’ll turn green, when it’s on the seafloor, it’ll turn brown.
二.重点句型
1. ①in order to做插入成分，为了….，help sb. do sth;blend in混合，加入;调和。很多海洋生物为了躲避天敌，已经进化出了不同的伪装术去帮助他们和环境融合并且避免天敌的侦查。这句话表明了这场讲座要讲的中心论点。是其中的关键词是camouflage，符合听力十三原则中的开头原则。
2. ②一些海洋生物已经演化出了永久的伪装术去帮助它们适应这种环境。这句话中的关键词是permanent ;是作者的第一个论点。
3. ③ For instance举例 ;比如，作者用叶海龙来举例，符合听力十三原则中的举例原则。
4.④leaf-like像树叶一样的，stick out突出，blends in混合，加入;调和。这两句话表明了Leafy Sea Dragon伪装的句型行为，比如它像一个小的绿色龙，身上有像树叶一样的突起，这些突起想胳膊一样，而且现在因为它的颜色和形状，它可以用绿色的环境来进行伪装。在讲座中，作者举例部分的细节是需要大家特别注意的，要注意这些例子和文章的论点之间的联系。
5. ⑤but转折连词，但是，属于听力十三原则中的转折原则，when引起了时间状语从句，its camouflage doesn’t work anymore是主句，work是起作用的意思。这句话表明了这项伪装的缺点，只要离开了绿色植物，它就很容易被发现。
6. ⑥spot突出，显眼;because引起了原因状语从句，现在有一些生物不管在什么情况下都很难被发现，因为它们的伪装就是根据环境改变自己身体的颜色。
7.⑦but;转折连词，符合听力十三原则中的转折原则;because引起了原因状语从句，allow sb to do sth允许某人做….是固定搭配，pigments that中的that引起了定语从句。乌贼更加具有灵活性，因为它们的伪装允许它们和任何的环境融合，而且它们可以在瞬间改变自己身体的颜色。 这句话表明了乌贼是怎样通过Temporary Camouflage.来适应环境的，这个例子中的细节是需要大家注意的地方。
三.解析
. Listening key.
(1.1) Main idea: two kinds of camouflage.
(1.2) First kind: Permanent Camouflage.
(1.2.1) Example: leafy sea dragon.
(1.2.2) Leaf like arms sticking out of it’s body; blends in really well with leaf part of the ocean; can be spotted pretty easily when it leaves it’s surrounding.
(1.3) Second kind: Temporary Camouflage.
(1.3.1) Example: cuttlefish.
(1.3.2) Color shifting pigments allows it to change color according to the environment; when it’s near sea plants→turn green; when it’s on the sea floor→turn brown.
四.模板
The professor talks about………
She talks about ……
First……….
The second kind of ………
Take ………….for example,
以上就是前程百利小编要和大家分享的关于生物的解析，希望可以帮助大家提升备考能力!如果想了解更多备考资料，欢迎登陆前程百利论坛，最后预祝每一位考生都能考出好成绩。
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