在托福口语考试中，task4是比较难的题目，你知道这类话题该怎样解答吗?我们又应该怎样做才能在托福口语考试中取得高分呢?这类话题中的范文又应该怎样组织呢?现在就跟着前程百利小编一起来看看这则托福口语范文解析吧!
Reading Part:
Experimenter Effect
One objective of any experiment is, of course, to obtain accurate results. Sometimes, however, problems occur that lead to in accurate results. One such problem is the experimenter effect. ①The experimenter effect occurs when are searcher’s expectations affect the outcome of the experiment. The researcher expects a particular result from the experiment, and that expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that influence the behavior of the experiment participants, thereby invalidating the results of the experiment.
Listening Part:
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology class.
(male professor) ②For example, I recently read about a case in which a researcher was given two groups of monkeys and he was asked to train these monkeys to pick up a ball and put it in a box. And he was told to record how many hours it took to train each monkey to learn to do this.
③Now, before he started the training, the researcher was told that one group of monkeys was highly intelligent and the other group was less intelligent. In truth, there was no difference between them. All the monkeys were actually very similar in terms of intelligence. But the researcher didn’t know that. He thought one group was smarter, so he expected that group would be easier to train.
So, what happened? Well, the researcher trained the monkeys to perform the action, and it turned out that.④ On average, it took him two hours less time to train the supposedly smart monkeys than the supposedly less intelligent monkeys. Why? ⑤Well, it turns out that with the supposedly smart monkeys the researcher smiled at them a lot, gave them a lot of encouragement, talked to them a lot, worked hard to communicate with them but with the monkeys he thought were less intelligent, he wasn’t this enthusiastic, he didn’t try this hard, wasn’t quite optimistic.
Question:
Explain how the example from the professor ’s lecture illustrates the experimenter effect.
一.范文
The professor talks about experimenter effect which occurs when a researcher’s expectation affect the outcome of an experiment. In the study, researcher was asked to train two groups of monkeys. He was told that one group of monkey was smarter than the other, although they are equally intelligent. It turned out monkeys from the first group took two hours less to train on average. The reason was that the researcher expected the smarter group to be easier to train so he smiled to those monkeys and encouraged them a lot during the training. But he didn’t work as hard with the monkeys from the other group.
二.重点词汇
1. objective：adj. 客观的;目标的;宾格的
Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well.
2. invalidate：vt. 使无效;使无价值
An official decree invalidated the vote in the capital.
3. encouragement：n. 鼓励
Friends gave me a great deal of encouragement.
4. enthusiastic：adj. 热情的;热心的;狂热的
Tom was very enthusiastic about the place.
三.重点句型
1. ①when引起了时间状语从句，这句话给实验者效应下定义，实验者的期望有时候会影响实验的结果。在task4中，阅读中下定义的部分是需要我们特别注意的。
2. ②for example，例如，be asked to do 被要求做….，pick up拾起。例如，我曾经读过一个例子，一个实验者被要求去训练两群猴子拾球并且把球放在盒子里。在task4的听力中，为了证明自己的观点所举得例子是需要我们特别注意的部分。在本文中作者用一个实验来验证自己的观点，这句话论述了实验的背景。
3. ③before在…之前，that引起了宾语从句，在实验开始之前，他被告知这两群猴子中有一群猴子比较聪明，另一群没有那么聪明。这句话介绍了实验的背景。
4. ④it+take+sb+时间+to do sth做某事花费了某人多长时间，这是固定搭配。训练那群他被告知聪明的猴子比它训练那群不聪明的猴子少两个小时。这句话告诉了我们实验的结果。
5. ⑤turn out结果是;smiled，gave和talked，worked是并列成分，but转折连词。出现这种现状的原因是他对待这两群猴子不同，首先他对待那群他被告知聪明的猴子的时候，他经常对他们微笑，并且给他们鼓励，但是对那群他被告知不聪明的猴子的时候，他没有这样努力也没有这样乐观，所以会造成这样的结果。这句话论述了造成这种现状的原因。
四.解析
1. Reading key.
(1.1) Term: Experimenter Effect.
(1.2) Definition: The experimenter effect is a problem that occurs when a researcher’s expectations affect the outcome of the experiment.
2. Listening key.
(2.1) Researcher was asked to train two groups of monkeys to teach them how to pick up some balls and put them in a box.
(2.2) The researcher was told one group of monkey was smarter than the other, although they are equally intelligent.
(2.3) Result: monkeys from the supposedly smarter group learn to finish the task in two hours less compare to the monkeys from the other group.
(2.4) Why? The researcher expected the smarter group to be easier to train so he smiled to those monkeys and encouraged them a lot during the experiment. But he didn’t work as hard with the monkeys from the other group.
五.模板
The professor talks about
In the study,
以上就是前程百利小编要和大家分享的托福口语task中关于实验者效应的分析，希望可以帮助大家提升备考能力!如果想了解更多备考资料，欢迎登陆前程百利论坛，最后预祝每一位考生都能考出好成绩。
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