托福写作真经4是目前市面上比较权威的托福写作的真题和测试题目集锦。新托福写作真经4是在前三本书的基础上，更加系统地归纳托福写作的常考题型。今天，前程百利小编和大分享的是托福写作真经4test7-综合写作的解析，大家可以通过小编的解析，发现托福综合写作的阅读和听力之间的关系;此外，大家也可以积累一些托福综合写作中可以当做模板使用的句子。
Reading & Listening
Prior to the rise of the Roman Republic in the sixth century B.C., the Italian Peninsula was dominated by the Etruscan people. For centuries, the Etruscans’ origins have been shrouded in mystery. Yet there is evidence—from both ancient and modern sources—that the Etruscans came from an area in what is the modern-day nation of Turkey.
The first evidence linking the Etruscans to ancient Turkey is found in the writings of Herodotus, the man considered “The Father of History.” Herodotus lived in the fifth century B.C., and his most famous work is The Histories. In one section of it, he notes that the Etruscans emigrated from Lydia, which was located in western Turkey. Herodotus wrote that there was a famine in Lydia which lasted for eighteen years. Because of the famine, half of Lydia’s population was sent out of the country. They sailed from the port of Smyrna and eventually landed at Umbria, a region in Italy.
Linguists have supported Herodotus’ claims by noticing some similarities between ancient Etruscan and another language found in an inscription on Lemnos, a Greek island near Lydia. Etruscan has never been translated, so its origins are unknown. Perhaps the people of Lydia made the inscription on their way to Umbria. Over time, it is possible that their language evolved and changed into Etruscan.
Finally, studies on the DNA of four ancient breeds of cows in Tuscany, Italy, have revealed that they are similar to some cows from Turkey. Only the cows in Tuscany, which was the primary region in which the Etruscans lived, had any similarities to the cows in Turkey. No other cows in Italy were related at all. Thus some conclude that both the Etruscans and their cows arrived in Italy by ships they sailed from Turkey.
阅读要点：
观点：Etruscans came from an area in what is the modern-day nation of Turkey.
伊特鲁里亚人来自现在土耳其所在的领土。
1、In one section of it, he notes that the Etruscans emigrated from Lydia, which was located in western Turkey.
在希腊的历史学家希罗多德的一段描述里提到“伊特鲁里亚人来自位于土耳其西部的吕底亚”。
2、Some similarities between ancient Etruscan and another language found in an inscription on Lemnos, a Greek island near Lydia. 伊特鲁里亚人的语言和吕底亚附近的一个希腊岛屿利姆诺斯岛的文字有很多相似之处。
3、Thus some conclude that both the Etruscans and their cows arrived in Italy by ships they sailed from Turkey.
由于检测出伊特鲁里亚的奶牛和土耳其的奶牛的DNA是一样的，由此可见伊特鲁里亚人像他们的奶牛一样都是来自于土耳其。
M Professor: There was a front-page article in the paper on Saturday about the Etruscans, whom we just studied, having possibly originated in Turkey. Well, it sounds nice to have cleared up that historical mystery, but, uh but let me poke some holes in the story.
听力笔记符号：
听力要点：
观点：It sounds nice to have cleared up that historical mystery, but, uh but let me poke some holes in the story.但是阅读中关于伊特鲁里亚的来历还有很多漏洞。
1、Herodotus was definitely an invaluable historian. 希罗多德实际上是一个不可信的历史学家，因为他的作品中有很多夸大和杜撰的成分。
2、It could have been Etruscan sailors who left the inscription on Lemnos. The Etruscans did, after all, engage in maritime trade on the Mediterranean.
伊特鲁里亚水手在利姆诺斯岛丢失了一些题词。因为，当时确实有很多在两者之间有很多贸易往来。
3、those cows were probably imported from Asia Minor... but by a merchant, not by refugees. Then, the cows were bred, and, most likely, they adapted to the land, so their numbers increased.这些奶牛很可能是由之前的贸易往来，从其他地方引进的，但是由于繁殖，对当地环境的适应，从而使得基因的转变。
范文分析：
①The lecturer argues that he doubts the theory on the origin of the Etruscans which was outlined in the reading passage. ②This directly contradicts the claim made in the reading that three pieces of evidence support the theory that the Etruscans originated in Turkey.
First, though Herodotus remains a renowned and very important figure in the field of history, his stories is not always valid. He even wrote about monsters as if they actually existed. ③This fact casts doubt on his assertion from The Histories, restated in the reading passage, that famine forced the people of Lydia to migrate to Umbria.
Furthermore, ④the lecturer contends that there are two possible origins for the language. One possibility is that people from Lydia left the inscription, and the other is that Etruscan sailors could have left it as the Etruscans were involved in trade on the Mediterranean.⑤ This rebuts the reading passage’s claim that the language found in the inscription proves that language of Lydia evolved into Etruscan.
Finally, ⑥the lecturer asserts that despite reliable evidence of genetic similarities between the DNA of Turkish and Tuscan cows, how the cows got to Tuscany is questionable. It is true that there are similarities in the DNA. However, it is highly likely that the cows were introduced to Turkey by an Etruscan merchant rather than the other way around. ⑦This challenges the idea presented in the reading passage that the genetic resemblance between cows in the two places that the cows were brought to Tuscany by people from Turkey.
闪光词汇：
renown[rɪ'naʊn]n.声誉;名望
famine['fæmɪn]n.饥荒;饥饿，奇缺
inscription[ɪn'skrɪpʃən]n. 题词;铭文;刻印
evolve[ɪ'vɑlv]vt.发展，进化;进化;使逐步形成;推断出
resemblance[rɪ'zɛmbləns]n.相似;相似之处;相似物;肖像
范文中可以提取出来作为模板的句子：
①The lecturer argues that……
②This directly contradicts the claim made in the reading that……
③This fact casts doubt on……
④the lecturer contends that……
⑤ This rebuts the reading passage’s claim that……
⑥the lecturer asserts that……
⑦This challenges the idea presented in the reading passage that……
以上就是托福写作真经第七套题目综合写作的解析内容，希望以上内容可以帮助大家更好的备考托福写作，同样希望大家在托福考试中取得好成绩。
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