在托福独立写作部分,离不开一些过渡短语。过渡短语能够使得句子之间或者是段落之间的逻辑关系更加清晰。此外,很多考生在托福独立写作的时候只顾着拓展写作思路,搭建文章的段落和语言,却常常忽视文章中的细节错误。这样的话就会让阅卷老师觉得你是一个粗心马虎或者是基础并不扎实的考生,给人的印象很不好。接下来,百利天下小编和大家分享托福独立写作中的过渡短语以及要注意的细节错误。
第一部分:过渡短语
1、过渡词定义
所谓过渡短语,其实就是起到一个“桥梁”的作用。过渡短语的定义是:A transitional phrase is a phrase used to help you move from one paragraph to the next and move from sentence to sentence.也就是说,过渡词或者是短语经常用在段落或者句子之间。
2、过渡词的作用有两个:
(1)Help the reader understand the essay. 帮助读者更好地理解文章
(2)Make the essay flow.使得文章语言和内容更流畅
3、过渡短语的位置:
上面我们提到过渡词的作用是连接段落或者句子,因此,在托福独立写作中,过渡词主要是从第二段(主体段)开始,到最后一段。第一段一般不使用过渡词。
(1)主题首段常用过渡词:
• First
• First of all
• To begin with
• For a start
• First and foremost
• In the first place
• For one thing
(2)主题第二段常用过渡词:
• Second
• Next
• In addition to the previous point
• What is more
• Further more
• Moreover
(3)结尾段常用过渡词:
• In conclusion
• To sum up
• In summary
• In sum
4、过渡词在整体写作框架中的使用:
Introduction:
Introduce the topic & State your opinion
Body:
TP(transitional phrases)+ Topic sentence1+supporting ideas
TP(transitional phrases)+ Topic scntence2+supportmg ideas
Conclusion:
TP(transitional phrases)+ Summarize the topic A Restate your opinion
5、过渡词的类型:
1)并列与递进
并列:Besides, in addition……
这两个词表示“此外”的意思,也就是后面还有与前面相关的内容。
递进:Moreover, what is more, further more……
不同于并列的原因,就是这些过渡词后面的内容是一种进一步说明或者是解释。
2)让步与转折
让步:Despite that, in spite of, although, even though...表示“尽管,虽然”的意思。
例:It is still worthwhile to follow our grandparents' advice, despite that some ideas they hold are outdated.
表示让步的“despite that”只是作为一个条件,主要强调的是前面的主语部分。
转折:However, but, nevertheless……表示“但是”
例:Some ideas our grandparents hold are outdated, however it is still worthwhile to follow their advice.
表示转折的”however”后面的句子才是要强调的部分。
3)表示因果:
Consequently, as a result, therefore……表示“因此”
例:What happened to our grandparents decades ago is different from what the young people are experiencing, therefore, there is no need to follow their advice.
4)表示对比:
In comparison, in contrast...表示“相比较而言”
例:What concerns the teacher most is the learning demands of all students, rather than any one particular student. On the contrary, students who study at home make adequate study arrangements.
这里需要注意的一点是:and so on这个表示“等等”的省略词在托福写作中不可用。因为对于考官而言,最好是把文章的内容写出来,而不需要省略。
第二部分:细节错误
1、不要使用缩写形式:
Isn’t---is not
Wouldn’t---would not
ASAP----as soon as
U---you
L8er---later
2、句尾不要用省略号:
To sum up, on no account can we turn a deaf ear to our grandparents’ advice, otherwise…
3、不要过于口语化
Gonna---going to
Wanna---want to
Blah blah blah
Geviable
4、逗号不可少
Firstly,
On the other hand,
In fact,
Similarly,
In addition to the previous point,
延伸阅读:给大家推荐一些过渡词和细节错误的文章内容
1)过渡词:
2)细节错误:
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