在托福写作中，主体段一般是由论点和论据组成的。论点需要有充足的论据来支撑，这样才更有说服力。那么一个段落究竟该如何扩展呢?下面我们来看一下。
一、举例法
举例就是用具体生动的事例来阐述作者的现点和见解的一种最简单、最有效的方法。也就是说，它用具体的事例来阐述主题句中的主导思想。用具体的亊例来扩展主题句是最常用的写作方法之一。它不仅使文章通俗易懂，而且还给读者留下深刻印象，使文章更具有说服力。在选择例证时要选择最能支持你的观点，最有说服力的句子。例子的多少主要由文章的长短而定。
例：Sports and games do a lot of good to our health. They can make us strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. Especially they can be of great value to people who work with their brains most of the day, for sports and games give people valuable practice in exercising the body.
例子中的第一句是主题句，即“Sports and games do a lot of good to our health.”此主题句的主导思想是“a lot of good”，以下事例都是来进一步阐述主题中的主导思想的，即用具体事实来支持主题句中的观点。
二、定义法
为了避免混乱和误解，写作时应对读者不熟悉或有多种解释的单词、术语、概念下定义，所以定义法是文章写作中常见的一种方法。定义法主要以下两种方法：
1. 运用同义词或词组来解释某一术语或新词。例如：
To mend means to repair.
2. 用含有定语从句的句子为术语下定义。以定语从句下定义是最普遍的手段。这种手段一般包括三个组成部分：A.术语;B.术语所属的类别;C.该术语与同类别其它事物的区别。这种句子定义法的句型如下：
术语=基本属类+how it is different。例如：A generator is an apparatus which produces electricity.
三、因果法
论述因果关系应首先阐明事物发生的原因，然后再论述其结果。但在有些情況下可能只说明事情的成因，或者只陈述其结果。
例：We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems. Doctors say it can be a direct cause of cancer of the lungs and throats and can also contribute to cancer to other organs. Besides, it can bring about other health problems such as heart lung diseases…It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society.
因果法常用词汇有：
1. 表原因的有：result from; to be the result of; to be due lo; to be a consequence of; because of; owing to; on account of; because; as; since; for; in that; now that; seeing that; considering that…
2. 表结果的有：to lead to; to contribute to; to result in; to be the cause of; cause; so that; so…that; such…that; therefore; as a result; consequently; accordingly; thus…
四、时间顺序法
时间顺序常用来叙述一个故事，回顾历史事件以及讲解一个过程等。按时间顺序安排组织的段落或文章应该先发生的先说，后发生的后说。所以组织用这种方法的扩展段落时，应注意选用时间顺序信号词，如：first，second，third，at first，then，finally等。
例：There are three steps involved in making a woodcut. The first step is to cut a pattern on a flat block of wood. Second, spread printer's ink over the surface of the wood block. Third, press the inked block against a sheet of paper. When the ink has bride on the paper, your woodcut is finished.
以上就是托福写作中扩展段落的方法，希望能给考生的学习带来帮助。最后，小编祝愿各位考生在托福考试中取得好成绩!
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