托福独立写作主要是考察学生在规定时间内针对已给命题进行逻辑分析、阐述观点的能力。所以除了语言表达的技巧外，我们中国考生面临的最大难题是思路拓展问题，即理解题目后无从下手，不知道从何说起。现在百利天下小编以TPO中独立写作题目为例，为大家介绍一些常用思路、以及一些简单有效的托福写作思路拓展方法，旨在帮助大家在较短的时间内确定内容构架。
1. 抽象词具体化法：
通过对题目中的主体进行分析讨论来展开自己的写作思路，把抽象的概念具体化，分不同的角度，从不同的人物视角来讨论问题。
E.g. In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
分析：从不同的主体对象出发分析问题，把这个抽象概括的good idea具体化，写清楚到底是对谁有什么好处，对学生，对家庭，对学校。
Going to part-time job as a teenager can help a person develop social skills, like social intercourse, which could be paramount for adult life. An early part-time job experience can really help teenagers to prepare for the unpredictability of interpersonal relationship, which could be decisive for social success as a young adult.
Through part-time jobs, children can earn extra money, and they begin to know the value of money, which will release the financial burden of parents. It is apparent that children often get money from their parents without realizing the difficulty of making money. Knowing that it takes a lot of time and great efforts to make money by himself, he will make wiser choices when buying some necessity.
It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.”Part-time jobs help students make use of what one has learned, a perfect complement of classroom learning. Besides, children have to be responsible for what they do when they take a part time job, which enables them to have a good sense of responsibility.
分对象讨论法：
通过对题目中的关键词进行分类来展开自己的写作思路，分成相互独立的，不同的组别来讨论问题。
E.g. many people think it takes time and money to preserve the old buildings. We should knock down the old buildings and instead build modern ones. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
分析：题目中旧建筑包括2类，有价值的(比如故宫)和无价值的(危房、旧房) 1)有价值的：应该投资保护，代表了一个民族或国家的历史文化，有研究价值;旧建筑可以作为景点，促进经济当地旅游业发展;2)无价值的：可以拆掉，有损市容、危及安全。
Historic buildings are useful for studies. Historic buildings reflect those architectures and materials that our predecessors used in construction. By studying them, researchers could understand about the evolution of not only construction but also society and culture. Historic buildings bring advantages of tourism. Indeed, when visiting a place, tourists are always attracted by historic places such as museums, palaces, or buildings. They are fascinated in something different from their home country or different from daily modern life.
In general, old buildings usually have dangerous stairs, uneven floors and lack of IT infrastructure. The problem with many old buildings is that they are old and extremely expensive to modernize.
2. 列举原因论证法：
通过分析题目中现象出现的原因来展开自己的分论点讨论。
E.g. Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they already know how to do well. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
分析：从successful people 为什么要try new things and take risks来展开讨论，及分析这样做的原因是什么，带来的好处有哪些。
What are the advantages of taking chances?
Firstly, whether it is positive or not, it would mark a turnabout in a one’s career.
The most crucial reason why businessmen must take risks is that consumer' demands for something new and innovative will never diminish, especially in fashion and entertainment industries.
Last but not least, trying new things and taking risks can broad one’s eyesight, expand his mind, as well as fortify his courage, which eventually lead to the success, as a matter of fact, a successful man never try to find excuse of not accepting challenges
3. 反证法：
反证法也叫替代法，当我们发现题目中出现-est(形容词最高级)，only(唯一的)或者ban/stop(禁止)这类词汇的时候，就可以考虑用反证法。这三类词汇的共同点就是语气都很绝对，这样的命题如果从逻辑上仔细推敲多半是站不住脚的：因为太绝对，所以想证明它们正确会非常困难。而如果想要证明它们错误呢?很简单，举出反例就可以了。
E.g. Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.
分析：题目中出现过于绝对的程度词always，可以采用反证法进行反驳，举出反例来反驳题目的观点。
The traditional virtue of telling the truth in all situations is increasingly doubted by many in today’s world. Many believe that telling the truth is not always the best policy when dealing with people. Moreover, the line of a “truth” is becoming vaguer. We all understand that often the truth is offending and may not be a very nice thing to hear and say. White lies often have their own advantages.
The same logic applies to human relationships. If your friend had worn a newly purchased dress on her birthday and energetically asked you if it was a worthy buy, would you freely express your opinion that you had never seen a dress as the one she’s currently wearing? And spoil her birthday? Unarguably, hiding entirely or partially the truth in some situations can be quite handy indeed. Confrontations and disputes can seemingly be avoided.
以上就是百利天下小编为大家整理的托福写作思路拓展的三个方法，希望大家能够掌握这三个方法，帮助大家拓展托福写作思路，更加高效地攻克托福写作。
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