前程百利2015-09-30更新GMAT作文机经
52 Olympic food(考古)
【本月原始】
【1】
大意是随着公司们运营的时间越来越长，公司的效率越来越高。而且the cost of processing也在下降：举例Color film在1920年要50 cents一单位，1970只要20cent。说对于food来说是一样的。Olympic Foods 即将迎来它的35th生日，所以说its long experience will ensure min production cost 和max profitability。
【2】
是说经验的增加会使得产品生产成本减少，color film processing 的成本从19XX年的每3-5inch 几天的service由大概50cents减少到了19XX年的 大概25cents几天的service, Olympic Foods这家公司要举办25周年庆典了，所以可以预想它的利润会增加。
【3】
olympic foods公司要学color film 用降低成本的方法来实现利润最大化，另外正好遇上他25周年纪念，所以公司很有信心会成功实现利润最大化。。。。。
【考古】
The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”
【参考思路】
1. 错误类比：The food industry is not analogous to the color film industry. 食品行业与彩色胶片行业不能等同。
2. 因果关系——忽略他因：Other factors that may contribute to the cost decline of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out. 彩色胶片例子中的成本降低不一定是因为组织学习增加效率，还可能是技术改进、原料价格下降、福利增加激励员工等。
3. 无根据假设：The conclusion of the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that the company can minimize cost and maximize profit because the company has been conducted for 25 years. 因为 (1)不是有经验就可以节约成本 (2)不是cost下降profit就会增加，只有在销量不减少或者增加的情况下才成立
【参考范文】
Citing facts drawn from the color-film processing industry that indicate a downward trend in the costs of film processing over a 24-year period, the author argues that Olympic Foods will likewise be able to minimize costs and thus maximize profits in the future. In support of this conclusion the author cites the general principle that “as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient.” This principle, coupled with the fact that Olympic Foods has had 25 years of experience in the food processing industry leads to the author’s rosy prediction. This argument is unconvincing because it suffers from two critical flaws.
First, the author’s forecast of minimal costs and maximum profits rests on the gratuitous assumption that Olympic Foods’ “long experience” has taught it how to do things better. There is, however, no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. Just as likely, Olympic Foods has learned nothing from its 25 years in the food-processing business. Lacking this assumption, the expectation of increased efficiency is entirely unfounded.
Second, it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from the color-film processing industry are applicable to the food processing industry. Differences between the two industries clearly outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy highly less than valid. For example, problems of spoilage, contamination, and timely transportation all affect the food industry but are virtually absent in the film-processing industry. Problems such as these might present insurmountable obstacles that prevent lowering food-processing costs in the future.
As it stands the author’s argument is not compelling. To strengthen the conclusion that Olympic Foods will enjoy minimal costs and maximum profits in the future, the author would have to provide evidence that the company has learned how to do things better as a result of its 25 years of experience. Supporting examples drawn from industries more similar to the food-processing industry would further substantiate the author’s view.
53 color print
【考古原题】
The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods:
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its 25th birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.” Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
54. Helio 公司
【本月原始】
Corporations who seek new opportunities or a new location should go to Helio. 原因是1. Helio has a lower umemployment rate even in the recession. 2. Companies who focus on innovative research and high-tech developemnt gather there. 大概是这样吧，我的攻击点是1. 低的失业率跟企业的new business没关系，而且就业率高，说不定还会导致员工薪酬高，增大企业成本。2.同类公司集中也许能激励各个公司发展，然后竞争力加大，可能导致破产。
【考古】
The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.
“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”
【 参考范文】
In this argument corporations are urged to consider the city of Helios when seeking a new location or new business opportunities. To support this recommendation, the author points out that Helios is the industrial center of the region, providing most of the region’s manufacturing jobs and enjoying a lower-than-average unemployment rate. Moreover, it is argued, efforts are currently underway to expand the economic base of the city by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies. This argument is problematic for two reasons.
To begin with, it is questionable whether the available labor pool in Helios could support all types of corporations. Given that Helios has attracted mainly industrial and manufacturing companies in the past, it is unlikely that the local pool of prospective employees would be suitable for corporations of other types. For example, the needs of research and development companies would not be met by a labor force trained in manufacturing skills. For this reason, it’s unlikely that Helios will be successful in its attempt to attract companies that focus or research and development of innovative technologies.
Another problem with the available work force is its size. Due to the lower than average unemployment rate in Helios, corporations that require large numbers of workers would not find Helios attractive. The fact that few persons are out of work suggests that new corporations will have to either attract new workers to Helios or pay the existing workers higher wages in order to lure them away from their current jobs. Neither of these alternatives seems enticing to companies seeking to relocate.
In conclusion, the author has not succeeded in providing compelling reasons for selecting Helios as the site for a company wishing to relocate. In fact, the reasons offered function better as reasons for not relocating to Helios. Nor has the author provided compelling reasons for companies seeking new business opportunities to choose Helios.
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