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142. The following appeared in a memorandum written by the chair of the music department to the president of Omega University: "Mental health experts have observed that symptoms of mental illness are less pronounced in many patients after group music-therapy sessions, and job openings in the music-therapy field have increased during the past year. Consequently, graduates from our degree program for music therapists should have no trouble finding good positions. To help improve the financial status of Omega University, we should therefore expand our music-therapy degree program by increasing its enrollment targets."
Discuss how well reasoned ... etc.
翻译: 精神健康专家发现精神疾病的征兆在集体音乐治疗会后变得不太明显,而音乐治疗领域的工作机会在过去一年中增加了。相应的,我们的音乐治疗学位课程的毕业生在找到好工作方面应该没有问题。为了帮助改善Omega大学的经济状况,我们应该增加音乐治疗学位课程的入学人数来扩展它。
分析:1.无因果联系,音乐治疗未必是精神疾病患者健康状况好转的原因。因为这两者仅仅是时间相关,可能有其他的原因导致他们健康状况的好转。比如可能他们在参与了集体活动之后,症状就会减轻。2.无因果联系,平行地,该领域的工作机会未必会增加。因为工作机会在时间轴上是一个变量,因此在未来可能因为外界条件的变化而使工作机会减少。比如媒体的负面报道可能造成消费者与工作机会的减少;或者是经济危机的到来使得所有行业的工作机会都减少。3.结论无据,即使这个专业的扩招是可行的,这一建议也未必是合理的。因为首先,这一措施可能会带来专业声誉的下降,而这未必是可以接受的;而其次,这一建议也未必是最佳的,可能有其他更好的方法来提高大学的收入, 比如鼓励校友捐款,等等。
范文:The author commits a fallacy of false analogy in assuming that expand our music-therapy degree program degree program in Omega University will achieve result the necessary treatment of mental illness in current situation. The purpose of program is to help improve the financial status of Omega University.
First of all, the reasoning is questionable because similarities between two events and the environments in which they hold may not be sufficient enough to warrant this claim. The author fails to establish a causal relationship between the financial status of Omega University and the music-therapy degree program. Other relevant factors may also contribute to the improvement of the financial status of Omega University. For example, the government resists funds to the Omega University for the expand music-therapy program. Despite of the program has expanded in the Omega University, the music-therapy program needs the enumerate devices, the vacant classroom and professors, or even to put up with advertisements on varies of mediums.
Secondly, the fact that job opening in the music therapy field have increased during the past does not necessarily mean that graduates from Omega University’s degree program for music therapists can easily find good position in the job market.
Apparently, differences between the expanding music-therapy program and to improve the financial status of the Omega University outweigh the surface similarities, thus making the analogy untenable.
The author to prove or even consider the comparability between the expanding music-therapy program and to improve the financial status of the Omega University renders the conclusion based upon it highly suspect.
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