我们首先通过一道题目了解一下什么是假设题型。
一、假设题例题一。
In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason, cabinetmaking is not art.
Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion?
A. Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not be used by anyone.
B. Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with the practical utility of the products they produce.
C. Cabinetmakers should be more concerned with the practical utility of their products than they currently are.
D. An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the object’s practical utility.
E. Artists are not concerned with the monetary value of their products.
1、题意：橱柜制造者不是艺术家，是由于橱柜制造者过多关注产品的实用性，所以橱柜制作不是艺术。
2、解题思路：
假设题典型的特点是在提干中给出一个已知的前提——Premise，再在选项当中找出一个隐含的假设——assumption，最后通过二者的结合能得出一个conclusion。所以我们要找假设需要满足的条件是——把假设加入到前提和结论中间后，能够使结论更加可信(成立)。
3、解题步骤：
1)在读题目之前，我们根据逻辑解题习惯，首先看一下逻辑的问题部分，通过对问题部分的阅读，我们能判断出题目是假设题型。
2)然后再仔细读提干部分。再读提干的过程中，我们要习惯于发现提干中的提示词，通过提示词来理解原文的句间逻辑关系。比如，原文中的“since”会提示我们此句为原因，而“For this reason”则提示我们后句为结果。
4、原文分析：
原文中的结论：Cabinetmaking is not art.
原文中的前提：Since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an eye to the practical utility of their product.
前提说家具的使用价值，结论却说家具不是艺术，而前提中并没有提到艺术。我们要在前提和结论中加入一个条件，使这个条件把前提提到的实用性和结论提到的艺术联系起来。分析选项：选项A一些家具摆放地点，原文没提，说不下去，无关。选项B比其他人更关注使用性，范围不对，无关。选项C橱柜制造者比现在更关注实用性，范围不对，无关。选项D过多关注实用性就不是艺术，有关，留着。选项E艺术家不关注他们产品值多少钱，无关。
二、假设题例题二。
The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are trying to meet. The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers. Therefore, innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.
Which of the following is an assumption made in drawing the conclusion above?
A. The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.
B. High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.
C. Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.
D. The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.
E. The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.
1、题意：自行车厂家的技术保守主义是他们要尽力满足的需求类型的反映。唯独对创新感兴趣并愿意为创新买单的是自行车赛手。因此，自行车创新受到当局能够接受作为比赛的标准的限制。问这其中的假设是什么?答案：自行车赛手没有产生标准之外的强烈需求。
2、提干分析：
前提：The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.(唯独对创新感兴趣并愿意为创新买单的是自行车赛手。)
结论：innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.(自行车创新受到当局能够接受作为比赛的标准的限制。)
解题思路：
我们看，前提中并没有提到authorities或standard，但是再结论部分却出现了这两个词，而前提中只提到了cyclists。如果我们想要找一个条件(assumption)来建立前提和结论之间的联系，就一定要出现“cyclists”“authorities”和“standard”。
下面分析选项：选项A中的cheap, traditional bicycles无关词;选项B中的small workshops无关词;选项C.正确，因为结论提到了文章中没有提到的自行车赛标准，架桥，自行车手不会接受标准以外的革新;选项D中的national markets是无关词;选项E 和是否被告知无关。
习题练习：
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Sviatovin is a medieval Moringian textwhose author and exact date of composition are unknown. However, the events in the life of Prince Sviatov that the text describes occurred in 1165, and in the diagram of Sviatov's family that accompanies the text his father, who died in 1167, is identified as still living. Thus Sviatovin must have been written between 1165 and 1167, assuming that__________
A. the life of Prince Sviatov is not the subject of any other medieval Moringian texts
B. the author of Sviatovin intended it to provide as accurate a report about Prince Sviatov's exploits as possible
C. the diagram accurately represents the composition of Sviatov's family at the time Sviatovin was written
D. Sviatovin is the earliest Moringian text whose composition can be dated to within a few years
E. Sviatovin was not written by Sviatov's father himself
例题分析：
1.假设题：题意：Sviatovin是一个中世纪的Moringian文本，它的作者和写作的确切日期不明。然而，文中描写的Sviatov王子的生平故事发生在1165年。 并且在附文的Sviatov家庭图表中，出现了于1167年去世的S王子之父，在图画中仍然活着。 因此Sviatovin一定是在1165年至1167年之间写的。
2.因果关系类：原因：附文的Sviatov家庭图表中，出现了于1167年去世的S王子之父，在图画中仍然活着。结果：Sviatovin一定是在1165年至1167年之间写的
3.正确选项第三项。图表准确地反映出Sviatovin被写作时Sviatov的家庭构成
4. 其它选项：
第一项：选项关注有没有其他文本描写S王子，跟论证结论无关。
第二项：选项关注文本中描述的准确性，不能支持。
第四项：选项关注文本的写作时间是不是最早，与文中结论无关。
第五项：如果是他父亲写的，还能说明写作时间最晚追溯到他父亲的死亡。而E选项说不是他父亲写的，就无法作为推测出写作时间的证据了
拓展阅读：
假设题所属分类。推理按照不同的标准，可以划分成不同的类型：
1、按照前提与结论之间推断关系性质的不同，可以把推理划分成两大类：演绎推理和非演绎推理。
2、按照前提和结论一般性程度的不同，可以把推理分为演绎、归纳和类比。假设题与加强型、削弱型、评价型归属于演绎题之中。
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