支持题同假设题有很多相似之处，回忆一下前面我们讲解了假设题型的解题思路，假设类题型解题有三种常用的思路和方法。
第一种：在前提和结论之间建立一种联系。
第二种：使前提可行，以达到使结论成立的目的。
第三种：排除其它因素的影响，即当给出一个原因到达一个结果时，排除其它因素的干扰。
以上三种方法是做假设题的方法，可以同样运用到支持题的解题当中。同时，我们还可以借鉴其它方法：在做支持题时，如果任何有助于支持前提和结论当中关键信息的选项，都可以算作支持类的选项。
假设和支持题型的区别在于：假设题型要求正确答案是前提推结论的必要条件。但是支持题型则不然，支持题型的正确答案可以是任何条件，只要能够起到使前提推结论的可能性更高即可。
一、支持题例题一。
In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back one million years. Analysis of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures no higher than those produced in experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans.
Which of the following, if true, would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim that the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids?
A. The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by the present-day inhabitants of Swartkans.
B. Forest fires can heat wood to a range of temperatures that occur in campfires.
C. The bone fragments were fitted together by the archaeologists to form the complete skeletons of several animals.
D. Apart from the Swartkans discovery, there is reliable evidence that early hominids used fire as many as 500,000 years ago.
E. The bone fragments were found in several distinct layers of limestone that contained primitive cutting tools known to have been used by early hominids.
1、题意：在Swartkans领土，考古学家发现了烧焦的骨头碎片可以追溯到一百万年前。据分析这些碎片来自各种各样的动物，表明他们已经能制造的热量不高于白臭木枝杈燃烧所产生温度(白臭木是Swartkans周围最常见的树木)，他们用这个热量来烧焦的骨头。下面哪个,如果这是真的,会为上面的信息提供最好的基础，证明烧焦的骨头碎片是早期原始人类用火的证据?
2、解题思路：
P1：charred bone fragments—>one million years
P2：heated temperatures=campfires temperatures
—>C：The charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids.
第一个条件设计到100万年前，第二个条件说到的是温度，结论当中提及两个逻辑对象——骨头和原始人。所以我们必须找到一个条件来把提到的几个逻辑对象联系起来。
3、选项分析：
A选项只说明那种white树枝在S这个地方，无关选项，与原始人使用火一点关系都没有。
B选项深林的火的温度，无关选项。
C选项骨头轮廓骨骼，无关选项。
D选项证明50万年开始使用火，无法用50万年前的证明100万年，错。
E选项说了,骨头碎片出现的年代同时又有古人类存在,这正是加强了人使用火来烤食物的可能。加强了原文。
二、支持题例题二。
Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds’ building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?
A. There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.
B. Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.
C. The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
D. Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.
E. It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.
1、题意：看题目，雄性B鸟能够制造精巧的巢，研究者发现不同地区的B鸟的巢有不同的风格，因此他们对端B鸟的筑巢是经过文化熏陶的而不是基因遗传的。
2、提干分析：
P：different local populations of bowerbirds of (same species) build different bowers
—>C：the bowerbirds’ building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted.
要证明结论的后天习得，反对先天遗传，那个选项包含了这样的信息，就是正确选项。这道题目的类型属于包含前提和结论的关键信息进行直接加强的支持题目类型。
3、选项分析：
A选项说本地B鸟建筑风格的共同点多于不同点，新的比较。
B选项说小雄鸟最初不会造巢，观看老鸟几年后，就能造出同风格的巢，说明是后天习得的，
C选项说有种B鸟的巢不具有其他B鸟巢中的塔和装饰特点，无关。
D选项说B鸟只出现于澳大利亚的NG地区，此处鸟与鸟之间不接触，无关。
E选项说有些鸟的叫声是后天的，而非先天，无关。
三、支持题例题三。
The Eurasian ruffe, a fish species inadvertently introduced into North America's Great Lakes in recent years, feeds on the eggs of lake whitefish, a native species, thus threatening the lakes' natural ecosystem. To help track the ruffe's spread, government agencies have produced wallet-sized cards about the ruffe. The cards contain pictures of the ruffe and explain the danger they pose; the cards also request anglers to report any ruffe they catch.
Which of the following, if true, would provide most support for the prediction that the agencies' action will have its intended effect?
A. The ruffe has spiny fins that make it unattractive as prey.
B. Ruffe generally feed at night, but most recreational fishing on the Great Lakes is done during daytime hours.
C. Most people who fish recreationally on the Great Lakes are interested in the preservation of the lake whitefish because it is a highly prized game fish.
D. The ruffe is one of several nonnative species in the Great Lakes whose existence threatens the survival of lake whitefish populations there.
E. The bait that most people use when fishing for whitefish on the Great Lakes is not attractive to ruffe.
1、题意：近年，欧亚R鱼被引进了北美五大湖，他们靠吃当地白鱼下的蛋为生，因而对当地湖的生态环境造成了威胁。为了追踪R鱼的扩散，政府制造了卡片，上面附有R鱼的照片，并说明了R鱼的害处，要求钓鱼者捕获R鱼后进行上报。问题：加强?
破题思路：要使政府的措施达到其目的(追踪R鱼)，即需要钓鱼者提供信息，所以有利于钓鱼者提供信息的事件都可以使得措施奏效。
2、提干分析：
B：ruffe eats eggs of lake whitefish and threaten the lakes' natural ecosystem.
P：agencies：produce cards(ruffe)
provide information + request anglers to report any ruffe they catch
—>C：to help track the ruffe’s spread
这道题是方案目的型的考题，原文结论是目的，我们要达到结论的目的就要强调前提的方案可行，这是方案可行性的支持题目类型。
3、选项分析：
选项A说R鱼鳍上有刺使得它在捕食时不易被发现。如果是这样的话，那么R鱼更容易在湖中扩撒，但这并不能为政府制作卡片追踪R鱼提供有利条件。错误。
选项B说梅花鲈一般晚上捕食，但大多数休闲渔业在五大湖白天完成。这样就增大了方案实施的难度，实际上是削弱了结论。
选项C 说人们的对于保护当地生态系统和鱼类热情很高，政府想要通过发卡片保护鱼，而人们对保护行为是感兴趣的，就加强了方案实施的可能性。
选项D说这种鱼是威胁本土鱼类的外来物种之一，这么并没有支持政府的那个计划，就是把原文背景说了一遍，无关选项。
选项E说鱼饵对鱼吸引力很小，那么人们抓到鱼的难度就增大了，削弱了结论。
四、支持题例题四。
One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage container is manufactured from small bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
A. Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.
B. The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are made with more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order to compensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
C. Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product sold in the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather than in nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.
D. The manufacturing process for the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers results in less plastic waste than the manufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.
E. Technological problems with recycling currently prevent the reuse as food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type of plastic beverage container.
1、题意：一种部分可生物分解塑料容器是由可分解的粘合剂——例如玉蜀黍淀粉——将小塑料片粘在一起所制造的。由于只有粘合剂是可分解的，小塑料片仍将被遗留，因此当这些容器被丢弃时产生的塑料垃圾不必那些非降解容器被丢弃时产生的塑料垃圾更少。下列哪一项加强以上观点?
(A)部分可生物分解和不可生物分解的塑料饮料容器都可以被垃圾压缩机所粉碎。
(B)部分可生物降解饮料罐所用的塑料比不可降解的饮料罐用的塑料多，其目的是为了弥补粘合剂减弱的效果。
(C)许多顾客关系生态问题因此愿意购买部分可降解塑料容器而不愿购买不可降解容器，即使前者价格高
(D) 可降解塑料容器比不可降解容器的制作过程产生的垃圾废料要少
(E) 当前循环利用的技术问题阻碍了塑料食品和饮料容器的再利用，无论其是否可降解。
2、提干分析：
B：partially biodegradable plastic beverage container: small bits of plastic + bonding agent degrades
C：partially biodegradable container
VS: nonbiodegradable containers
plastic refuse：no less than
biodegradable container是可降解的，nonbiodegradable containers是不可讲解的，但是结论却说前者所剩垃圾不必后者少。本题前面阐述了两个逻辑对象，在结论位置却突然出现了二者的比较。这时我们需要加入的信息就是比较，通过比较来加强结论。
3、选项分析：
选项A说的是二者都怎样，没有进行二者比较，无关。
选项B出现二者比较，可生物降解饮料罐所用的塑料比不可降解的饮料罐用的塑料多，那么降解完后剩下的塑料，前者可能不少于后者，支持了结论。
选项C说到人们的环保意识，无关。
选项D说到塑料的制造过程，且与结论表述的比较结果相反，无关。
选项E把二者放在同样的位置上，并没有出现比较，排除。
五、支持题例题五。
Several industries have recently switched at least partly from older technologies powered by fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. It is thus evident that less fossil fuel is being used as a result of the operations of these industries than would have been used if these industries had retained their older technologies.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
A. Many of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies have increased their output.
B. Less fossil fuel was used to manufacture the machinery employed in the new technologies than was originally used to manufacture the machinery employed in the older technologies.
C. More electricity is used by those industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies than by those industries that have not switched.
D. Some of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies still use primarily technologies that are powered by fossil fuels.
E. The amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount that would have been used to power the older technologies.
1、题意：一些行业最近已经部分将用矿物燃料带动的旧技术换成了用电力的新技术，很明显，这些公司使用基于新技术的运作与不使用新技术时相比，减少了石化燃料的使用。下面哪一个加强了以上论述?
2、提干分析：
P：switch from older technologies(by fossil fuels) to new technologies(by electricity)
C：less fossil fuel is being used as a result of the operations of these industries than would have been used if these industries had retained their older technologies.
能源转化作为前提，转化后的两种方法的比较构成了结论。所以，我们寻找的选项也要存在比较的内容。
3、选项分析：
选项A那些把老技术转换成新技术的公司增加了产量，与题目无关;
选项B用新技术去制造机器使用的矿物燃料比老技术少，仅仅是对题干的简单重复，错误;
选项C那些采用新技术的公司比老技术公司用的电更多，无关;
选项D那些采用新技术的公司主要还是靠矿物燃料来提供动力，这削弱了题干，错误。
选项E用电去提供动力用的矿物燃料比用老技术提供动力的用的矿物燃料要少，能够加强文章论据，正确。
习题练习：
A sudden increase in the production of elephant ivory artifacts on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa occurred in the tenth century. Historians explain this increase as the result of an area opening up as a new source of ivory and argue on this basis that the important medieval trade between North Africa and East Africa began at this period.
Each of the following, if true, provides some support for the historians’ account described above EXCEPT?
A. In East Africa gold coins from Mediterranean North Africa have been found at a tenth-century but at no earlier sites.
B. The many surviving letters of pre-tenth-century North African merchants include no mention of business transactions involving East Africa.
C. Excavations in East Africa reveal a tenth-century change in architectural style to reflect North African patterns.
D. Documents from Mediterranean Europe and North Africa that date back earlier than the tenth century show knowledge of East African animals.
E. East African carvings in a style characteristic of the tenth century depict seagoing vessels very different from those used by local sailors but of a type common in the Mediterranean.
例题分析：
1、支持题：题意：在公元十世纪北非地中海沿岸的象牙制品产量突然增加。历史学家解释这种增加现象是由于开发象牙这种新材料以及北非和东非在这段时间开始了重要的贸易往来所造成的
2、现象解释类：现象：在公元十世纪北非地中海沿岸的象牙制品产量突然增加; 解释：由于开发象牙这种新材料和北非和东非在这段时间开始了重要的贸易往来所造成的。思路：北非和东非在公元十世纪开始贸易往来造成了公元十世纪北非地中海沿岸的象牙制品产量突然增加
3、正确项：选项四说明这两个地方在十世纪以前就已经有交流了，要么是无关,要么是削弱。
4、其它选项：
选项一东非发现的最早的北非的硬币是10世纪，支持论点，错误。
选项二：10世纪以前的许多书信没有显示北非和东非有贸易出现。这没有否定“10世纪以后，可能会有贸易出现”，也就是间接支持了“北非和东非贸易开始于10世纪之后”的结论
选项三：东非的出土的文物反应了北非十世纪工艺品的改变风格，支持题干，错误。
选项五：东非十世纪的雕刻品的风格所反映的航海船舶与当地的相差很大但是确是地中海的典型风格，支持题干，错误。
拓展阅读：
支持题所属分类。推理按照不同的标准，可以划分成不同的类型：
1、按照前提与结论之间推断关系性质的不同，可以把推理划分成两大类：演绎推理和非演绎推理。
2、按照前提和结论一般性程度的不同，可以把推理分为演绎、归纳和类比。支持题与加强型、削弱型、评价型归属于演绎题之中。
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