前面小编讲解的假设题、削弱题和支持题这三种题型的联系非常紧密，而且在解题方法上也有很多相似之处，其实和这三种题型有很多联系的还有一种题型，那就是评价题，因为评价题的正确答案是建立在削弱和支持两个方向的。
一、评价题的特色。
标志词：evaluate
问题表示：评价题的问题通常由whether引出;有时是一般疑问句，用YES或NO来回答;有时问题也是陈述型的，我们可以用取非的方法来验证。
解题步骤：
第一步，找到结论句。
第二步，看选项，把选项中和结论密切相关的选项留下，无关的选项排除。有可能会留下一个正确选项。
第三步，对选项进行验证。验证这个答案是否对结论形成削弱或支持的作用，如果是的话，这个选项是否对结论构成削弱或支持，如果否的话，这个答案是否对结论形成削弱或支持的作用——这种情况满足之后才构成了评价题的条件。
二、评价题例题一。
For similar cars and drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont. Police studies, however, show that cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont. Clearly, therefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision-damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Repairing typical collision damage does not cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.
B. There are no more motorists in Greatport than in Fairmont.
C. Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance company than Fairmont residents are.
D. Fairmont and Greatport are the cities with the highest collision-damage insurance rates.
E. The insurance companies were already aware of the difference in the likelihood of collisions before the publication of the police reports.
1、题意：Premise: G城的关于碰撞损失的汽车保险费用比F城的多，但是针对相同的车和司机，G城居民的车比F城居民的车更少发生碰撞事件。
Conclusion: G城的保险公司在碰撞损失险比F城的保险公司取得更大的利润。
2、解题思路：
P：
1)automobile insurance for collision damage：G>F
2)cars involved in a collision：G
—>C：profit on collision-damage insurance :G>F
分析：第一个比较是花费的比较，第二个比较是事故发生率的比较，最后得出的是利润的比较。影响利润的因素有很多，如果支出的费用高，利润就会降低 Defender(排除他因)：G城的车辆碰撞维修费用并不比F的高，所以排除了支出的费用高会削弱结论的可能。
3、选项分析：
A. 没有提到任何关于成本和支出方面的内容。
B. 无关信息，G城开车的人不比F城开车的人多对结论没有影响。
C. 削弱结论，发生车辆碰撞时，G城的人比F城的人更愿意找保险公司，削弱了结论。
D. 无关信息，F城和G城是碰撞损失险费率最高的城市对结论没有影响。
E. 无关信息，保险公司已经知道发生碰撞可能性的区别对结论没有影响。
三、评价题例题二。
Trancorp currently transports all its goods to Burland Island by truck. The only bridge over the channel separating Burland from the mainland is congested, and trucks typically spend hours in traffic. Trains can reach the channel more quickly than trucks, and freight cars can be transported to Burland by barges that typically cross the channel in an hour. Therefore, to reduce shipping time, Trancorp plans to switch to trains and barges to transport goods to Burland.
Which of the following would be most important to know in determining whether Trancorp's plan, if implemented, is likely to achieve its goal?
A. Whether transportation by train and barge would be substantially less expensive than transportation by truck
B. Whether there are boats that can make the trip between the mainland and Burland faster than barges can
C. Whether loading the freight cars onto barges is very time consuming
D. Whether the average number of vehicles traveling over the bridge into Burland has been relatively constant in recent years
E. Whether most trucks transporting goods into Burland return to the mainland empty
1、题意：T公司目前用卡车往B岛上运送货物。但是连接B岛和大陆的唯一一座桥目前很拥堵，卡车通常需要好几个小时才能通过该桥。而火车可以比卡车更快运送货物到达海峡边，同时驳船可以将集装箱在一个小时内运过海峡。所以，为了节约运输时间，T公司计划将卡车运输改为用火车加驳船的方式进行运输。
题目：下面哪个选项在我们考察这个计划的时候是需要确定的因素。
2、提干分析：
P：
1：trucks spend hours in traffic
2：Trains——more quickly than trucks
Barges——cross the channel in an hour
—>C：to reduce shipping time, trucks—>trains and barges
分析：计划考察型的中立逻辑。正向反向逻辑对题干逻辑的影响均需要考察，同时方案类型的重点，计划目的必须明确，是节约运输时间。
3、选项分析：
A. 谈成本，无关属性，排除!
B. 是否有其他比驳船更加快的船只，我们只考察将卡车换成火车加驳船这个计划的实施是否能达到节约运输时间的目的， 并不是在优化现有的计划，所以B错误!
C. 装卸驳船是否非常耗时，这是影响到我们运输时间的一个关键因素，假如是的话则题干计划的逻辑错误，取否的话题干计划的逻辑是顺利可行的。正确!
D. 通过桥梁的车辆平均数在近年是否相对稳定，无关属性，排除!
E. 运送货物的卡车是否空返，无关属性!
四、评价题例题三。
Scientists have modified feed corn genetically, increasing its resistance to insect pests. Farmers who tried out the genetically modified corn last season applied less insecticide to their corn fields and still got yields comparable to those they would have gotten with ordinary corn. Ordinary corn seed, however, costs less, and what these farmers saved on insecticide rarely exceeded their extra costs for seed. Therefore, for most feed-corn farmers, switching to genetically modified seed would be unlikely to increase profits.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?
A. Whether there are insect pests that sometimes reduce feed-corn yields, but against which commonly used insecticides and the genetic modification are equally ineffective.
B. Whether the price that farmers receive for feed corn has remained steady over the past few years.
C. Whether the insecticides typically used on feed corn tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops.
D. Whether most of the farmers who tried the genetically modified corn last season applied more insecticide than was actually necessary.
E. Whether, for most farmers who plant feed corn, it is their most profitable crop.
1、题意：一种转基因玉米，可以抵抗虫害，减少使用杀虫剂。但是价格要比普通的贵。因为减少用杀虫剂省下来的钱和买种子多花的钱差不多，而产量也大致一样，所以这种转基因的玉米不能带来更高的利润。本题为评价题，问的是使用基因改造的种子是否可以增加利润呢?
2、提干分析：
Genetically modified corn VS Ordinary corn
1：genetically modified corn：less insecticide
2：what these farmers saved on insecticide rarely exceeded their extra costs for seed
—>：comparable yields
—>C：switching to genetically modified seed would be unlikely to increase profits.
分析：本题关键信息在于，基因改良种子可以节省杀虫剂的费用，但是这个费用必须要与为这个种子多花费的钱相比较，是否有利可图?(题干信息)因此解决本题关键在于考虑上述两个费用的变化对利润的影响。
3、选项分析：
A. 是否害虫有时减少玉米产量，但杀虫剂和转基因一样是无效的;与逻辑链无关。
B. 是否农民种子价格在过去一些年保持稳定;种子价格与逻辑链无关。
C. 是否用在玉米的杀虫剂比其他农作物杀虫剂更贵;谈代价，无关比较，排除。
D. 是否多数试种转基因玉米的农民上季比实际用了更多杀虫剂;正确，杀虫剂量如果更少会增加利润。
E. 是否，对种玉米的大多数农民，玉米是最有利润的作物;与逻辑链无关。
五、评价题例题四。
Community activist: If Morganville wants to keep its central shopping district healthy, it should prevent the opening of a huge SaveAll discount department store on the outskirts of Morganville. Records from other small towns show that whenever SaveAll has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district.
The answer to which of the following would be most useful for evaluating the community activist’s reasoning?
A. Have community activists in other towns successfully campaigned against the opening of a SaveAll store on the outskirts of their towns?
B. Do a large percentage of the residents of Morganville currently do almost all of their shopping at stores in Morganville?
C. In towns with healthy central shopping districts, what proportion of the stores in those districts suffer bankruptcy during a typical five-year period?
D. What proportion of the employees at the SaveAll store on the outskirts of Morganville will be drawn from Morganville?
E. Do newly opened SaveAll stores ever lose money during their first five years of operation?
1、题意：社区积极分子说：如果M地区想保持自己的中心购物区健康，就应该组织C折扣店的开张。(类比论证)别的小镇数据表明，每当C折扣店开张，这个地区的重心购物区就会有四分之一的店铺破产。问评价?
2、提干分析：
whenever SaveAll has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district
—>：SaveAll cause the bankruptcies
—>C：to keep its central shopping district healthy, Morganville should prevent the opening of SaveAll
分析：因果关系是，SaveAll导致了中心购物区四分之一以上的商店倒闭，只有这个条件成立，因果关系才会成立。
3、选项分析：
A. 说的其他地区是否会阻止这个打折店开业，围绕其他地区谈，原文只围绕Morganville这个地区谈过，这个选项跑题了。
B. 说是否会有大量居民在 Morganville的店铺里购物，是否有大量居民购物原文没有涉及到过，也跑题了。
C. 说我们要看看一些健康的地区，有多少店铺在五年之内倒闭了，原文 反复谈的就是这个打折店开业是否会导致其他店铺倒闭，此选项没有跑题，留着。
D. 说开的这个打折店有多少员工来自 Morganville?说的是员工来源问题，跑题了，排除。
E. 说这个新开的打折店是否会在头五年亏损，原文没有说过是否亏损，跑题，排除。
六、评价题例题五。
In the past the country of Malvernia has relied heavily on imported oil. Malvernia recently implemented a program to convert heating systems from oil to natural gas. Malvernia currently produces more natural gas each year than it uses, and oil production in Malvernian oil fields is increasing at a steady pace. If these trends in fuel production and usage continue, therefore, Malvernian reliance on foreign sources for fuel is likely to decline soon.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in evaluating the argument?
A. When, if ever, will production of oil in Malvernia outstrip production of natural gas?
B. Is Malvernia among the countries that rely most on imported oil?
C. What proportion of Malvernia’s total energy needs is met by hydroelectric, solar, and nuclear power?
D. Is the amount of oil used each year in Malvernia for generating electricity and fuel for transportation increasing?
E. Have any existing oil-burning heating systems in Malvernia already been converted to naturalgas-burning heating systems?
1、题意：过去的时候M国非常依赖进口石油，但是M国最近实施了一个program就是将供热系统从使用石油转换成使。用天然气M国的天然气资源供大于求，而石油产量也在稳步上升。结论：如果M国能源产量持续这个趋势的话，那么M国对进口燃料的依赖将会下降。
2、提干分析：
1：M has relied heavily on imported oil
2：M recently implemented a program to convert heating systems from oil to natural gas—>will use less oil
3：produces more natural gas each year than it uses & produces more oil
—>C：M’s reliance on foreign sources for fuel is likely to decline soon.
3、选项分析：
A. 选项说的是什麼時候M国的石油产量会超过天然气产量，题目的中心论点是M国对进口燃料的依赖是否会下降，所以说要比也不是石油和天然气产量比，因此无关。
B. 选项说M国是否是所有的国家中最依赖进口石油的?题目中并没有提到其他国家，故和A选项一样，这个选项也属于错误对比。
C. 选项说氢电、太阳能和核能在M国的能源使用中占多大的比例?此选项同B。因为题目中并没有提到除了石油和天然气之外的其他的能源，所以也是错误对比的无关选项。
D. 正解。本选项说M国用于交通方面和发电方面的石油是否增加?这个选项可以说是填补了题目的一个gap，因为就算M国供热系统需要的石油减少但是用于其他方面的石油量上升的话，那么还是要依赖进口的。如果将这个问题变成陈述的话，即：M国用于交通方面和发电方面的石油需求量上升，那么是会削弱结论的。
E. 选项说：M国是否已经有烧石油的供暖系统转换成天然气系统了?这个选项虽然相关，但是题目已经说了这个系统迟早会转换成天然气，所以这个选项不具备evaluate的资格。E选项削弱原文信息，无用。
习题练习：
For similar cars and comparable drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Great port than in Fairmont. Police studies, however, show that cars owned by Great port residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont. Clearly, therefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision damage
insurance in Great port than in Fairmont.
In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to compare
A. the level of traffic congestion in Great port with the level of traffic congestion in Fairmont
B. the cost of repairing collision damage in Great port with the cost of repairing collision damage in Fairmont
C. the rates Great port residents pay for other forms of insurance with the rates paid for similar insurance by residents of Fairmont
D. the condition of Great port's roads and streets with the condition of Fairmont's roads and streets
E. the cost of collision-damage insurance in Great port and Fairmont with that in other cities
例题分析：
1、评价题：题意：对于相同的车和司机，保险公司在G城的车祸保险费高于F城。然而，研究表明，G城的车比F城更不容易发生事故。所以，保险公司在汽车险上所赚的钱，G城多于F城。
2、因果关系类：原因：G城的车祸保险费高于F城的，且G城更不容易发生车祸。结果：G城的保险公司在车险上比F城赚得多。
3、正确答案：第二项;G和F两地的损失修补费相比;如果G地的修补费用很低，就加强了论证;反之如果说G地的修补费用很高就削弱了论证。
4、其它选项;
第一项：G和F两地的交通拥挤度相比，交通是否拥挤与保险公司赚钱无关。
第三项：G和F两地居民买其他险种的比例相比，居民买了其他的保险与车险无关。
第四项：G和F两地路况相比，路况与本题的论证也是无关的。
第五项：G和F两地跟其他地方的车祸保险费相比，出现其他地方是超出范围的选项。
拓展阅读：
评价题所属分类。推理按照不同的标准，可以划分成不同的类型：
1、按照前提与结论之间推断关系性质的不同，可以把推理划分成两大类：演绎推理和非演绎推理。
2、按照前提和结论一般性程度的不同，可以把推理分为演绎、归纳和类比。评价题与支持型、假设型、削弱型归属于演绎题之中。
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