下面首先介绍的是Must be True题型,这种题型比较简答,依然采用中英文穿插讲解的方式,让大家既能阅读原文,又能结合中文理解。
Chapter 4 Must be True Question
OG:26. 31,33,56, 66.70,91,101,102.103.
You must lock down the understanding required of this question category: what did you read in the stimulus and what do you know on the basis of that reading?
仔细阅读选项,关注作者使用的修饰词, all, most, many ,could, can 等
作者的意图就是 即使你要读的很快,但也要注意他写的这些 修饰词 跟选项中的差别,往往注意到了,就能很快选出
Highly Attention: Numbers & Percentage, Probability Indicators, Modifier Words (Differences between “many, all, entirely, most, etc.”)
You cannot bring in information from outside the stimulus to answer the questions; all of the information necessary to answer the question resides in the stimulus. The correct answer to a Must Be True question can always be proven by referring to the facts sated in the stimulus.
Correct Answers in Must be True Question
1. Paraphrased Answers
重述的答案
Paraphrased Answers are answers that restate a portion of the stimulus in different terms. Because the language is not exactly the same as in the stimulus, Paraphrased Answers can be easy to miss. Paraphrased Answers are designed to test your ability to discern the author’s exact meaning. Sometimes the answer can appear to be almost too obvious since it is drawn directly from the stimulus.
1. Answers that are the sum of two or more stimulus statement (Combination Answers)
对原文信息合并的答案,可预测,但很难 。 也就是归纳的结论
Any answer choice that would result from combining two or more statements in the stimulus will be correct.
Incorrect Answers in Must be True Question
1. Could be True or Likely to be True Answers
These answers are attractive because there is nothing demonstrably wrong within them. Regardless, like all incorrect answers, these answers fail the Fact Test.
This category of incorrect answer is very broad, and some of the types mentioned below will fall under this general idea but place an emphasis on a specific aspect of the answers.
2. Exaggerated Answers(扩大了原文限定的范围,如some=>most)
Exaggerated Answers take information from the stimulus and then stretch that information to make a broaden statement that is not supported by the stimulus.
3. “New” Information Answers
New Information Answers include information not explicitly mentioned in the stimulus. Be careful with these answers, because sometimes they may be correct:
First, examine the scope of the argument to make sure the “new” information does not fall within the sphere of a term or concept in the stimulus
首先。检验那个论述的范围,去确定这个新信息不会落入 论述的 术语 和观点的范围
Second, examine the answer to make sure it is not the consequence of combining stimulus elements.
检测那个答案,去确定他不是那个合并stimulus 中因素的结果
4. The Shell Game欺骗性选项——偷换原文某个概念,用近义词或近似的概念代替
An idea or concept is raised in the stimulus, and then a very similar idea appears in the answer choice, but the idea is changed just enough to be incorrect but still attractive.
5. The Opposite Answer与原文事实完全相反(Opposite answers),即比事实多了个not
The Opposite Answer provides an answer that is completely opposite of the stated facts of the stimulus.
6. The Reverse Answer调换原文中的两个词的位置(Reverse answers)
The Reverse Answer is attractive because it contains familiar elements from the stimulus, but the reversed statement is incorrect because it rearranges those elements to create a new, unsupported statement.
E.g.
Stimulus: Many people have some type of security system in their homes.
Reverse Answer: Some people have many types of security system in their homes.
**注意在读原文时,分清作者提出的是fact还是其他人的opinion。这两者的不同可以用于排除错误答案(即错误答案有时会将他人观点当作事实)。
Some economists claim……开头的stimulus,你可以排除掉那些做出一个浅薄的声明而没有参考到他人意见的选项。因为别人的意见不是一个事实,因为
stimulus不包含一个argument
Some….many….说完了以后,错误选项中常换成most。
Most,sometimes , often ,many,这样的词一定要注意。
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