削弱题和支持题、假设题和评价题的渊源很深，因为同属于GMAT逻辑演绎题，所以这四种题型在解法上比较相似，甚至可以触类旁通，大家可以自行体会。
Chapter 6 Weaken Questions
In addition to the Primary Objectives, keep the following rules in mind when approaching Weaken Questions:
1. The stimulus will contain an argument. weaken题原文中必须出现结论，因此判断出结论最重要
Because you are asked to weaken the author’s reasoning, and reasoning requires a conclusion, an argument will always be present. In order to maximize your chances of success, you must identify, isolate, and assess the premises and the conclusion of the argument. Only by understanding the structure of the argument can you gain the perspective necessary to attack the author’s position.
2. Focus on the conclusion. 关注结论，几乎所有正确选项都对结论产生影响
Almost all correct Weaken answer choices impact the conclusion. The more you know about the specifics of the conclusion, the better armed you will be to differentiate between correct and incorrect answers.
3. The information in the stimulus is suspect. 原文信息当中的推理错误要仔细读
There are often reasoning errors present, and you must read the argument very carefully.
4. Weaken questions often yield strong prephrase . Weaken题经常需要用到预测选项特征
Be sure to actively consider the range of possible answers before proceeding to the answer choices.
5. The answer choices are accepted as given, even if they include “new” information. 要默认选项是真实的，即使他们包含新的信息
Unlike Must be True Questions, Weaken answer choices can bring into consideration information outside of or tangential to the stimulus. Just because a fact or idea is not mentioned in the stimulus is not grounds for dismissing an answer choice. Your primary task is to determine which answer choice best attacks the argument in the stimulus.
Answers that weaken the argument’s conclusion will attack assumptions made by the author. Typically, the author will fail to consider other possibilities or leave out a key piece of information. In this sense, the author assumes that these elements do not exist when he or she makes the conclusion, and if you see a gap or hole in the argument, immediately consider that the correct answer might attack this hole.
Common Weakening Scenarios几种典型weaken题中的推理错误：
1. Incomplete Information 信息不完整
The author fails to consider all of the possibilities, or relies upon evidence that is incomplete. This flaw can be attacked by bringing up new possibilities or information.
2. Improper Comparison False analogy: 类比不当
The author attempts to compare two or more items that are essentially different.
3. Qualified Conclusion 使得结论正确
The author qualifies or limits the conclusion in such a way as to leave the argument open to attack.
Three incorrect answer traps
1. Opposite Answers
Weaken变support
2.Shell Game Answers
选项weaken的是一个和原文结论长的很像，但又有细微的差别的一个结论
1. Out of Scope Answers
无关选项
家具是有实用性 的
家具不是艺术
特别注意慎选E!! ——在前4个选项都犹豫不决时，E选项很可能长得极具诱惑性，但很可能是个圈套!必须要通过与结论的有关/无关来判断!
Weaken Questions
Family 3: Answer Choice → Stimulus
OG: 1，15,23,30,35,36,40,45,60, 63,73,75,81,83,87,88,90,96,104,111,114,116,118,120,123.
如果一个因果的声明在前提中，那么不一定有因果推理的错误在argument中
How to weaken an argument
1. the premise
这种GMAT一般不会考，因为太弱智了
2. the conclusion
你是去削弱结论 而不是去破坏结论
正选的形式一般是，体现出结论没有考虑到一些因素和可能性
正确的weaken攻击了原文中隐含的假设或者逻辑链。即一个可以攻击的逻辑链必然包含了一些错误的假设，一些可能性没有考虑的，找到这样的GAP或者漏洞攻击即可。
个性化这个论述，假设自己是在跟作者讨论，那你会选A or B?
这个方法可以让大多数学生排除掉那些可能会浪费时间去思考的选项。
1. Primary Objective
①Carefully read the stimulus, find the argument, and pay attention to the conclusion.
②Focus on the conclusion (The specifics of the conclusion), and use the arrow to draw the line of reasoning
③Prephase the stimulus by finding the GAP: Actively involved in every question
④Accept the answers as the way they are given, even if they include “new” information. Choose the answer that may force the author to make response towards your answer choice.
2. The incorrect answer traps
①Opposite Answers: Never forget that you are meant to weaken the stimulus.
②Shell Game Answers: Pay attention to the specifics of the conclusion.
If they ask you about “School dropouts”, never choose the answer concerning “School graduates”. Likewise, if they ask you about “塑料怎么会让动物窒息”, never choose the answer concerning “动物吃了塑料会中毒” (Meet and recite words.)
③Out of Scope Answers: Again, pay attention to the specifics of the conclusion.
3. Types of questions
①Premise & Conclusion (No cause& effect reasoning) 非因果型结论
Find the answer choice that directly weakens the conclusion. (The answer choice may not be principles but counterexamples.)
E.g.1 (B)
Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals, and once humans become aware of these, they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most calls into question the view above?
A. Certain animals- dolphins and chimpanzees, for example- appear to be capable of rational communication.
B. Many people familiar both with intellectual stimulation and with physical pleasures enjoy the latter one.
C. Some who never experienced classical music as a child will usually prefer popular music as an adult.
D. Many people who are serious athletes consider themselves to be happy.
E. Many people who are serious athletes love gourmet foods.
Sub-classification
A) Incomplete Information (Like Cause& Effect Reasoning)
B) 不完整的信息
The author fails to consider all of the possibilities, or relies upon evidence that is incomplete. This flaw can be attacked by bringing up new possibilities or information.
C) Improper Comparison
D) 不合适的类比
The author attempts to compare two or more items that are essentially different.
C) Qualified Conclusion
留下了答案被攻击的可能性
The author qualifies or limits the conclusion in such a way as to leave the argument open to attack.
②Premise→Conclusion (Cause and Effect Reasoning)
Use the arrow to diagram the line of reasoning. Use the prephased answer to find the exact correct answer.
Typical ways to attack a Causal Conclusion
A) Find an alternate cause for the stated effect
引入他因
B) Show that even when the cause occurs, the effect does not occur (Counterexamples)
有因无果
C) Show that although the effect occurs, the cause did not occur (Counterexamples)
有果无因
D) Show that the stated relationship is reversed
因果倒置
E) Show that a statistical problem exists with the data used to make the causal statement
显示因果关系的数据不准确
4. Final Note
①Carefully read the stimulus and answer choices. Pay attention to the specifics of the conclusion, and classify answer choices to Contenders and Losers.
②Prephase answer. If the stimulus contains cause and effect reasoning, use the arrow to draw it.
③Try to figure out the underline principles in every example that exists as an answer choice. Do not generalize.
④Be confident to yourself and pay attention to time limit.
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