这些例题都是逻辑当中的佼佼者，能够从很大程度上反应官方出题思路，只是在难度上较小，如果大家参考完这些题目可以拿一些难度较大的题目来加深理解和增强练习。
OG12-CR-6.(假设题型)
The amount of time it takes for most of a worker's occupational knowledge and skills to become obsolete has been declining because of the introduction of advanced manufacturing technology (ATM). Given the rate at which ATM is currently being introduced in manufacturing, the average worker's old skills become obsolete and new skills are required within as little as five years.
Which of the following plans, if feasible, would allow a company to prepare most effectively for the rapid obsolescence of skills described above.
(A)The company will develop a program to offer selected employees the opportunity to receive training six years after they were originally hired.
(B)The company will increase its investment in ATM every year for a period of at least five year.
(C)The company will periodically survey its employees to determine how the introduction of AMT has affected them.
(D)Before the introduction of ATM, the company will institute an educational program to inform its employees of the probable consequences of the introduction of ATM.
(E) The Company will ensure that it can offer its employees any training necessary for meeting their job requirements.
OG解释：
Evaluation of a Plan
Situation
The introduction of AMT is making workers' occupational skills obsolete within as little as five years.
Reasoning
which plan will be most effective in helping the company prepares for the expected rapid obsolescence in occupational knowledge and skills? It should be clear that some type of training or retraining will be involved, since (at least in certain types of industry) it is unlikely that any company in that industry can afford to avoid introducing AMT if its market competitors are doing so.
A. Providing training only to selected employees and only after their skills have already become
obsolete is not likely to be an effective response.
B. This plan only accelerates the problem and does not address the employees' skills.
C. Periodic surveys may provide information to employers but will not be enough to prevent employees' skills from becoming obsolete.
D. Having knowledge of the consequences does not prevent those consequences; employees' skills
will still become obsolete.
E. Correct. This would ensure that all employees have the most current occupational knowledge and skills needed for their jobs
the correct answer is E.
版主点评:本题的意思是ATM的引进使得一项技术变得过时的时间缩短了。
(比如原来某人掌握一项技能以后，可以靠它吃10年的饭，因为10年内技术都不会过时;
但ATM引进后，这项技能可能5年就过时了。)
问的是，哪种方法可以最有效地使公司应对这种快速的技术更新?
答案很明显选E：及时给员工提供培训，让他们掌握新技术，适应变化。
难度级别：★★★☆☆
OG12-CR-7.(评价题型)新题
Travertine’s city council wants to minimize the city’s average yearly expenditures on its traffic signal lights and so is considering replacing the incandescent bulbs currently in use with arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the incandescent bulbs burn out. Compared to incandescent bulbs, LED arrays consume significantly less energy and cost no more to purchase. Moreover, the costs associated with the conversion of existing fixtures so as to accept LED arrays would be minimal.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in determining whether switching to LED arrays would be likely to help minimize Traverton’s yearly maintenance costs?
(A) Whether the expected service life of LED arrays is at least as long as that of the currently used
incandescent bulbs
(B) Whether any cities have switched from incandescent lights in their traffic signals to lighting elements other than LED arrays
(C) Whether the company from which Traverton currently buys incandescent bulbs for traffic signals also sells LED arrays
(D) Whether Traverton’s city council plans to increase the number of traffic signal lights in Traverton
(E) Whether the crews that currently replace incandescent bulbs in Traverton’s traffic signals know how to convert the existing fixtures so as to accept LED arrays
OG解释：
Evaluation of a Plan
Situation
The city council of Traverton is considering replacing burned-out incandescent traffic signal lights with LED arrays. The LED arrays consume less energy than incandescent bulbs do while costing no more than those bulbs. Further, the cost of converting existing fixtures to accept LED arrays would be minimal.
Reasoning
What would it be most important to know in determining whether the switch to LEDs would minimize the city's yearly maintenance costs? LEDs cost no more than incandescent bulbs,and they consume less energy. This suggests that the overall cost of LEDs is lower than that of incandescent bulbs. Is there any circumstance under which the costs associated with LEDs might be higher? They might be higher if more LEDs than incandescent bulbs had to be purchased every year—and that would be necessary if LEDs burn out more quickly than incandescent bulbs do.
A.Correct. Unless the answer to this question was yes rather than no, the switch to LED arrays
would not help minimize Traverton's yearly maintenance costs. So it is essential to know the
answer to this question in order to determine whether switching to LEDs would help.
B.The existence of another possible alternative to incandescent lights does not have any bearing on
the question of whether switching from incandescent lights to LEDs would help.
C.The source, from which Traverton acquires its lights, be they incandescent or LEDs, is unimportant.
D.Increasing the number of traffic signal lights in Traverton would probably increase the city's
yearly maintenance costs, but it would do so regardless of whether those lights use LEDs or
incandescent bulbs.
E.Since the goal of switching to LED arrays is to help minimize yearly expenditures on
maintenance, a potential one-time cost—that of training workers to convert the existing
fixtures—is not relevant. Further, it is not necessarily the case that the crews that currently
replace the incandescent bulbs would be the ones converting the existing fixtures—and even if
they were, the account of the plan states that conversion costs would be minimal.
The correct answer is A.
版主点评: 答案是A，看得懂题目的人就知道怎么回事吧!
GMAT CR里头这种题很多的，属于典型的题，有的题situation复杂一点，其实还是换汤不换药。
主要思考方式如下：
1.抓住题目的落脚点：换LED后的cost下降。落脚点是cost!无关cost的一概排除!
2.寻找影响cost的因素：题目中讲了购买成本不会高，使用成本很低，
还有一个因素是使用寿命，如果老要更换，那么成本也就高了。
其他的选项和成本无关，或者主体不是traffic lighting cost。
难度级别：★★☆☆☆
OG12-CR-8.(解释题型)
A report that many apples contain a cancer-causing preservative called Alar apparently had little effect on consumers. Few consumers planned to change their apple-buying habits as a result of the report. Nonetheless, sales of apples in grocery stores fell sharply in March, a month after the report was issued.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the reason for the apparent discrepancy described above?
(A) In March, many grocers removed apples from their shelves in order to demonstrate concern about their customers' health.
(B) Because of a growing number of food-safety warnings, consumers in March were indifferent to such warnings.
(C) The report was delivered on television and also appeared in newspapers.
(D) The report did not mention that any other fruit contains Alar, although the preservative is used on other fruit.
(E) Public health officials did not believe that apples posed a health threat because only minute traces of Alar were present in affected apples.
OG解释：
Argument Construction
Situation
Despite a report that Alar, used to preserve many apples, could cause cancer, few consumers planned to stop buying apples. However, sales of apples in grocery stores fell sharply a month after the report.
Reasoning
How cans this apparent discrepancy be explained? If consumers did not intend to change their buying habits, then some other change must have been responsible for the decline in apple sales. If apples were not available to buy in grocery stores, then retail sales would obviously fall. The decision of many grocers to remove apples from their shelves in the month following the report would explain the decline in retail sales.
A. Correct. This would be sufficient to explain why sales fell even though consumers did not plan to
stop buying apples.
B. This point explains why consumers did not intend to change their apple-buying habits—but not
why sales fell.
C. How consumers may have heard about the report throws no light on the discrepancy between
their response and the decline in sales.
D. Fruits other than apples are not a part of the discussion.
E. The health officials' opinion, if indeed known to consumers, would likely lead to stable apple
sales—so this point does not explain the decline in apple sales.
The correct answer is A.
版主点评:首先判断这是解释题，解释题说到底就是搭桥题，将逻辑链补充完整。
题干中的信息为：一份说苹果中有要害物质的报告并没有影响消费者购买苹果，
极少数人改变了他们买苹果的习惯，但是三月的苹果销量急剧下降，解释这一现象。
A中指出因为销售水果的人为了表示对顾客身体健康的关注而将苹果撤柜，
这会直接影响苹果的销量，因此很好地搭建了这一逻辑桥。
因此A为正确选项。
难度级别：★★★☆☆
OG12-CR-9.(解释题型)新题
In order to reduce the number of items damaged while in transit to customers, packaging consultants recommended that the TrueSave mail-order company increase the amount of packing material so as to fill any empty spaces in its cartons. Accordingly, TrueSave officials instructed the company's packers to use more packing material than before, and the packers zealously acted on these instructions and used as much as they could. Nevertheless, customer reports of damaged items rose somewhat.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why acting on the consultants' recommendation failed to achieve its goal?
(A) The change in packing policy led to an increase in expenditure on packing material and labor.
(B) When packing material is compressed too densely, it loses some of its capacity to absorb shock.
(C) Amount of packing material used in a carton does not significantly influence the ease with which a customer can unpack the package.
(D) Most of the goods that TrueSave ships are electronic products that are highly vulnerable to being damaged in transit.
(E) TrueSave has lost some of its regular customers as a result of the high number of damaged items they received.
OG解释：
Evaluation of a Plan
Situation
Mail-order company TrueSave wants to reduce the number of items damaged while in transit to customers. Packaging consultants recommended that to achieve this goal, the company should use more packing material to fill empty spaces in its cartons. The company's packers began using as much packing material as they could, yet reports of damaged items rose rather than fell.
Reasoning
What -would help explain why the company's acting on the recommendation did not achieve its goal? The recommendation involved increasing the amount of packing material, so theremust have been something about that increase that led to more damage. More damage would be likely to result if stuffing more packing material into shipping boxes made the packaging less effective.
A.An increase in expenditure on packing material and labor might affect the company's
profitability, but it would have no effect on whether items were damaged in transit.
B.Correct. This statement adequately explains why more items, rather than fewer, were damaged in transit.
C.If customers were able to remove their items just as easily from boxes filled with more packing material as from boxes using less packing material, the items would be unaffected by an increase in the amount of packing material used.
D.The kind of goods TrueSave ships most frequently is not relevant to the question of why increasing the amount of packing material failed to reduce the number of items damaged in transit, since they most likely shipped this same kind of goods both before and after making the recommended change.
E.The loss of regular customers helps explain why TrueSave turned to the packaging consultants for
help, but it does not help explain why those consultants' recommendation failed to reduce the
number of items damaged in transit.
The correct answer is B.
版主点评:此题根据逻辑链分析为了防止物品损坏所以要多家packing material，
然后员工越加越多反倒使物品的损坏率增加了，
这里关于这一矛盾的解释B是最符合逻辑的，
就是过量的packing material会导致物品损坏。
因此选B.
难度级别：★★☆☆☆
OG12-CR-10.(削弱题型)
Cable-television spokesperson: Subscriptions to cable television are a bargain in comparison to “free” television. Remember that “free” television is not really free. It is consumers, in the end, who pay for the costly advertising that supports “free” television.
Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the position of the cable-television spokesperson?
(A) Consumers who do not own television sets are less likely to be influenced in their purchasing decisions by television advertising than are consumers who own television sets.
(B) Subscriptions to cable television include access to some public-television channels, which do not accept advertising.
(C) For locations with poor television reception, cable television provides picture quality superior to that provided by free television.
(D) There is as much advertising on many cable-television channels as there is on “free” television channels.
(E) Cable-television subscribers can choose which channels they wish to receive.
OG解释：
Argument Evaluation
Situation
A. cable-television spokesperson argues that cable fees are a bargain since so-called “free” television is actually paid for by consumers who underwrite the cost of advertising.
Reasoning
Which point weakens the spokesperson’s argument? The spokesperson's argument compares the bargain price of a subscription to cable television with the “price” of the costly advertising on “free” television. Consider what situation would undermine this comparison. What if cable television, in addition to its subscription fee, airs just as much advertising as does “free” television? Then the cable subscriber is paying twice, and the spokesperson's argument that cable television is a bargain in comparison to “free” television is weakened.
A. People who do not watch television are irrelevant to the argument.
B. The fact that cable television subscriptions include access to advertising-free public-television channels does not weaken the argument that “free” television is not free.
C. The picture quality of cable and free television are not at issue in this argument.
D. Correct. This statement properly identifies a factor that weakens the spokesperson’s argument: If the cost of the advertising on “free” television is ultimately passed on to consumers in the prices they pay for the advertised product, and many cable channels have comparable amounts of advertising, then cable television will necessarily have the same kind of hidden cost as “free” television.
E Television viewers who do not watch cable channels have a choice as to which channels and programs they view. For example, they could watch channels with no advertising. So this information does not differentiate cable-television viewers from “free”-television viewers.
The correct answer is D.
版主点评：题干逻辑简化后是如下：
付费有线电视与免费的电视相比有优势，原因是免费电视通过广告转嫁费用到消费者;
这里有一个隐藏的前提条件是：付费有线电视没有广告。
所以，削弱时只要找到这个隐藏条件就可以了。
以上是读题完成后心中就有的答案。如果继续分析题干，我们会发现，
A讲有人跟这个论述不相关，这才是彻底的无关项;
B讲有线电视包含一些无广告频道，没有形成实质的比较，也无关;
C讲信号差，也与题目逻辑无关;E讲看电视有主观能动性，也和题目逻辑无关;
只有D讲了Cable也会有广告，那么和free电视的广告就形成了直接的对比，构成了削弱的逻辑。
难度级别： ★★☆☆☆
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