GMAT逻辑GWD-8例题解析包含四道题目，照例在翻译和选项分析上下了很多功夫，如果大家是第二次做GWD的题目，可以好好体会一下作者的思路。
GWD-8-Q3:
In the late 1980’s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific Ocean began to decline. Of the two plausible explanations for the decline—increased predation by killer whales or disease—disease is the more likely. After all, a concurrent sharp decline in the populations of seals and sea lions was almost certainly caused by a pollution-related disease, which could have spread to sea otters, whereas the population of killer whales did not change noticeably.
1980’后期，北太平洋的海獭数量开始下降。对这个下降现在有两种似合理的解释：被杀人鲸吃掉的多了或者因为疾病，相比之下，疾病似乎是更有可能(降成海獭数量下降)。毕竟，同时发生的的海豹和海獅的急剧数量下降几乎可以肯定是由于污染引起的疾病造成的，这种疾病海獭也可能得，而在另一方面，杀人鲸的数量变化并不明显。
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey. 杀人鲸通常是吃海豹和海狮的，但当这两种都变得少了的时候，它们就会去吃海獭。既然题干说海豹和海狮的确是变少了，那么海獭就有可能是被杀人鲸吃了而不是病死了。正确。
There is no indication that substantial numbers of sea otters migrated to other locations from the North Pacific in the 1980’s. 没有迹象表明在这个时期，海獭去了别的海域。也就是说海獭的数量的确是减少了，肯定了题干的前提，但对结论无意义。
Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980’s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times. 只是说海獭变少了，相当于重复了题干的内容，对结论无意义。
Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters’ main food source. 海獭少了后海洋里面有什么变化对结论无关，结论要的是海獭为什么变少了。
The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters. 海獭和海豹、海狮的关系问题不关结论的事。
GWD-8-Q12:
A certain automaker aims to increase its market share by deeply discounting its vehicles’ prices for the next several months. The discounts will cut into profits, but because they will be heavily advertised the manufacturer hopes that they will attract buyers away from rival manufacturers’ cars. In the longer term, the automaker envisions that customers initially attracted by the discounts may become loyal customers.
一个汽车制造公司为了增加在市场上的占有量，决定在未来几个月里开始折扣销售(折扣还很多)。这样的折扣会减少利润，但是因为这个公司会以大量的广告来宣传制造公司，所以他们认为这样的举措会把消费者从竞争者那儿争夺过来，从长期来看，这个公司相信最初因为折扣来买他们车的顾客最终会成为这个公司的忠实顾客。
In assessing the plan’s chances of achieving its aim, it would be most useful to know which of the following?
Whether the automaker’s competitors are likely to respond by offering deep discounts on their own products 题干提示这家公司(A)希望通过打折的方法来吸引顾客，如果其它公司也打折的话，那么就可能A公司就吸引不来顾客了。但是这个选项有一个漏洞，就是题干中有明确讲A公司是打很多折，而这个选项只提了其它公司打不打价，如果其它公司不是同样打很多折的话，那对A公司就没什么影响。不过比较来看，其它选项好象更不好。所以就暂定为这个是正确吧。
Whether the advertisements will be created by the manufacturer’s current advertising agency 现在的广告商不知道是好还是不好，现在的广告策略也不知道。所以无关。
Whether some of the automaker’s models will be more deeply discounted than others 其它的车型打不打折，打多少折和顾客能不能变成忠实顾客没有关系。
Whether the automaker will be able to cut costs sufficiently to maintain profit margins even when the discounts are in effect 题干没有说这个公司需要或者不需要既打折又需要保持利润空间，无关。
Whether an alternative strategy might enable the automaker to enhance its profitability while holding a constant or diminishing share of the market 有没有其它更好的策略可以达到这个目的?也可能有，也可能没有，不管有没有都没有回答题干中的策略达得到预期效果不。所以无关
GWD-8-Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.
事实一：去年D地新开了一些公司，这些新公司需要员工已经成立的公司也召募了新员工，所以去年的新的就业记录是历史上新高。
事实二：今年，总的来说，已经成立的公司不会再招和去年一样多的新员工了。
结论：除非有很多新公司在今年成立，否则D地就不会打破去年的就业记录。
备注：去年新的工作机会= (新公司的数量 A X 平均新工作数量 B)+(旧公司的公司的数量C X 平均新工作数量 D)
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies.在任何一年，平均来讲，新成立的公司创造的工作机会比已经成立的公司创造的工作机会多。如果是这样的话，那么不需要更多的新公司成立可能也不会比去年总的新的工作机会少。错误。
The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year.有多少人在找工作与本题无关，本题讨论的是新的工作机会，至于有没有人去做对本题是无关的。
This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year. 今年新成立的公司不会比去年新成立的公司需要的员工多。也就是说B最多保持不变;题干提示：C不变，而D下降。那么现在唯一的可变量就是A。这个就和结论相符。正确。
Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year. 公司赚不赚钱不在考虑范围内，如果你想到因为没赚钱所以不招人的话那就是你想太多了。
The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost. 这是只是去年和今年新的工作机会的比较，去年的失业率对这个比较没有关系。
GWD-8-Q14: GWD-2-11
Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives. However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.
一些人对某种特定的S过敏，这些S中有些是被做为防腐剂广泛用在葡萄酒里的。但是，因为有些葡萄酒制造商在他们的葡萄酒中不加任何S，所以那些想喝葡萄酒而同时对S过敏的人就可以喝这些葡萄酒制造商生产的葡萄酒而不需要冒可能因S而引起过敏的风险。
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine. 这些葡萄酒制造商通过不加入S的其它办法同样的达到防腐的目的。有没有防腐的目的和结论没关系，没有提示说不防腐或者不能和加了S的一样防腐，这酒就不能喝。
B. Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions.不是所有的S都可能引起过敏反应。题目中也没有说是所有的，只是说某一些。结论也不涉及这个方面的问题，无关。
C. Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added.这不知道，因为题干没说，同时结论也不是基于这样的假设，无关。
D. Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction.除了S外，葡萄酒里面不含其它可能引起过敏的物质。结论是说顾客不需要冒对S过敏的危险而喝葡萄酒。所以即使有其它引起过敏的东西，都和结论无关。
E. Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines.就是说S是经过加工放进去的，而且不是说喝得多才会过敏。这样就确保了有些酒里面是有可能不含S的，同时也排除了喝得少就不过敏的可能。正确。
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