今天分享一下啊GWD-28的前五道逻辑题目，从GWD19套到GWD28套中间有几套题的跳跃，不足的题目大家可以和网友讨论一下，一定会有很大收获。
28-7: In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. But in recent experiments in which Rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded conditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior – such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals – attacks did not become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
1960’s在对老鼠的研究中，科学家发现拥挤会增加老鼠群内的互相攻击。但是最近在对R猴子的试验 (把这些猴子放在拥挤的环境中)却发现尽管克制的行为有所增加---比如说顺从的姿势和避免占优势的的个体，但是攻击没有比平常时候更多。因此不能得出结论说所有的猴子都和老鼠一样，在拥挤的环境中会变得明显更具攻击性。
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A: All the observed forms of coping behavior can be found among rhesus monkeys living in uncrowded conditions. 题干中并没有说这些行为是在拥挤状况下才观察到的，只是这些行为有所增加。所以并没有起到加强的作用。
B: In the studies of rats, nondominant individuals were found to increasingly avoid dominant individuals when the animals were in crowded conditions.如果在拥挤的情况下，老鼠也会避免不要去招惹占优势的同伴。但这个选项并没有加强：不是所有的猴子都和老鼠一样在拥挤的情况下互相打架的多，所以无关。
C: Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do. 相比其它猴子，有更多的东西可以刺激R猴子(R猴子比其它猴子更容易被惹火。)题干的推理是因为R猴子没有变得更想打猴子，所以不是所有的猴子在拥挤的时候都会更想打猴子。但是如果有一个可能是R猴子是猴子中最温和的一种，最不容易打架的一种，那么它们的不打架就不等代表一种普遍现象。这个选项将这个可能去除---其实R猴子是很不冷静的一种。正确。
D: Some individual monkeys in the experiment were involved in significantly more attacks than the other monkeys were. 一些现象不等于一般现象。
E: Some of the coping behavior displayed by rhesus monkeys is similar to behavior rhesus monkeys use to bring to an end an attack that has begun. 这些行为有可能是打架的结束表示，那也就是说有打架的事情只是科学家没注意到。这不是在削弱吗?
28-9: Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
二十世纪初期，K湖被严重污染。最近随着污染的减少，(K湖中)鱼的数量开始增加，湖水也开始变得更纯净。现在有计划在湖底修建一个输油管，人们开始担心污染会再度开始，鱼的数量也会再度减少。但是因为采用了一个可以确保油不渗漏的技术，所以关于污染的担心是没有根据的。
The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
A: Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial development around the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters.有没有其它的项目不在讨论范围，讨论的是现在这一个是不是不会造成污染。
B: Other than the possibility of a leak, there is no realistic pollution threat posed to the lake by the pipeline’s construction 除了油渗漏就没有其它可能造成污染的可能，如果这个成立，那么结论就成立。正确。
C: There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective when installed in the pipeline in Lake Konfa. 推理的过程是：修输油管---人们担心污染----但是有不渗漏的保证----不会污染。结论的前提是不会渗漏，现在要加强这个结论的推出，而不是质疑其前提的成立。
D: Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from the pipeline would cause. 人们担心的不止是鱼的减少，还包括revive the pollution and……,所以看的出来鱼的减少和污染是平行位置。
E: The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were in the lake before it was affected by pollution. 现在的鱼和以前鱼是不是一个品种和这个推理过程无关。
28-11: Trancorp currently transports all its goods to Burland Island by truck. The only bridge over the channel separating Burland from the mainland is congested, and trucks typically spend hours in traffic. Trains can reach the channel more quickly than trucks, and freight cars can be transported to Burland by barges that typically cross the channel in an hour. Therefore, to reduce shipping time, Trancorp plans to switch to trains and barges to transport goods to Burland.
T公司目前用货车运送它的产品到B岛。B岛和大陆隔着一个海峡，连接B岛和大陆的只有一座桥，其交通状况非常拥挤，货车需要花费几个小时在运输途中。火车比货车可以更快地到达海峡，船货车可以用驳船在一个小时内运到B岛。因为为了降低运输时间，T公司计划改变运输程序，先用火车再用驳船来运送到达B岛的商品。
Which of the following would be most important to know in determining whether Trancorp’s plan, if implemented, is likely to achieve its goal?
A: Whether transportation by train and barge would be substantially less expensive than transportation by truck. 这儿只在讨论时间问题，费用无关。
B: Whether there are boats that can make the trip between the mainland and Burland faster than barges can 现在只是火车加驳船和货车的比较，其它比较无关。
C: Whether loading the freight cars onto barges is very time consuming.如果运输本身的时间减少了，但其它时间增加了的话就不一定能节省时间。正确。
D: Whether the average number of vehicles traveling over the bridge into Burland has been relatively constant in recent years? 需要花几个小时是给定的事实，这个时间稳定与否与结论要做的比较无关。
E: Whether most trucks transporting goods into Burland return to the mainland empty? B岛有没有东西运回大陆和结论要做的比较无关。
28-16: Paper&Print is a chain of British stores selling magazines, books, and stationery products. In Britain, magazines’ retail prices are set by publishers, and the retailer’s share of a magazine’s retail price is 25 percent. Since Paper&Print’s margin on books and stationery products is much higher, the chain’s management plans to devote more of its stores’ shelf space to books and stationery products and reduce the number of magazine titles that its stores carry.
P&P公司是英国的一个销售杂志、书籍和文具的连锁店。在英国，杂志的零售价格是出版商定的，而零售商的销售收入是杂志零售价的25%。因为P&P公司在书籍和文具上的销售利润要远远高于销售杂志的利润，这个连锁店的经理计划在店里的货架上放更多的书籍和文具，减少杂志上架数量。
Which of the following, if true, most strongly argues that the plan, if put into effect, will not increase Paper&Print’s profits? 找个理由说这个计划是不好的。
A: Recently magazine publishers, seeking to increase share in competitive sectors of the market, have been competitively cutting the retail prices of some of the largest circulation magazines. 为增加竞争力，杂志出版商把零售价降低了。这等于说杂志零售商赚的钱更少了。没降价前零售商已经觉得利润不够，再一降价，而没有信息显示销售提成提高，那不是更应该卖其它商品了吗?
B: In market research surveys, few consumers identify Paper&Print as a book or stationery store but many recognize and value the broad range of magazines it carries. 虽然P&P公司卖文具和书籍更赚钱，但消费者对它的定位是杂志销售商，而且觉得是可以在那儿买到很多杂志。可以推出的是说顾客是因为买杂志到P&P公司，这些为买杂志的消费者也有就可能顺便买其它商品的，如果这个主项没有了，可能顾客就会减少。正确。
C: The publisher’s share of a magazine’s retail price is 50 percent, and the publisher also retains all of the magazine’s advertising revenue. 出版商赚多赚少都和零售商没关系。
D: Consumers who subscribe to a magazine generally pay less per issue than they would if they bought the magazine through a retail outlet such as Paper&Print. 这个和零售商的杂志销售利润低没关系，因为对结论的推出也没关系。
E: Some of Paper& Print’s locations are in small towns and represent the only retail outlet for books within the community. 同D。
28-17: In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria’s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities. The very largest trucks – those with three trailers – had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks. Clearly, therefore, one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.
在P国，大型货车有路上的行驶量占全国的6%，但是却在高速公司的死亡交通事故中占12%。最大的大型货车(三箱拖车)的事故率却不到单厢或两厢拖车事故率的1/3。因此，为减少P国高速公路死亡交通事故，就应该要求运输公司增加它们的三箱拖车数量。
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? 找个理由说这个提议不对。
A: Partorian trucking companies have so far used triple-trailer trucks on lightly traveled sections of major highways only. P国的运输公司的三厢货车只在没那么多车的高速公路段运行。也说是说事故少的原因是因为这些车没开到车多的路段，而不是因为这个车型所以事故少。如果运输公司大多数用三厢的，那就不得不开到车多的路段上去，这样事故率不一定就会比现在少。正确
B: No matter what changes Partoria makes in the regulation of trucking, it will have to keep some smaller roads off-limits to all large trucks.怎么执行这个规定是以后的事，现在讨论的是这个规定该不该执行。
C: Very few fatal collisions involving trucks in Partoria are collisions between two trucks. 很少的事故是发生在两个货车之间的。题干也没有说是为了降低货车间的事故，也没有说三厢货车的低事故率是针对货车之间的事故。所以此项无关。
D: In Partoria, the safety record of the trucking industry as a whole has improved slightly over the past ten years. 以前更糟和讨论的话题无关，要的答案是这个提议无益于降低事故率，而不是找一个理由来说不需要降低事故率。
E: In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks
货车能装好多和讨论无关。
