下面题目的分析是从题意和选项分析两个角度讲解的，大家可以尝试从中提炼关键信息，并且找出逻辑链，这样能够更快地找到答案。
28-19: Plankton generally thrive in areas of the ocean with sufficient concentrations of certain nitrogen compounds near the surface where plankton live. Nevertheless, some areas, though rich in these nitrogen compounds, have few plankton. These areas have particularly low concentrations of iron, and oceanographers hypothesize that this shortage of iron prevents plankton from thriving. However, an experimental release of iron compounds into one such area failed to produce a thriving plankton population, even though local iron concentrations increased immediately.
浮游生物通常在大量含有某种氮合物的海域接近海面处大量生存。但是，有些地区尽管有丰富的氮合物，却只有少量的浮游生物。通常这些地区的含铁量少。海洋学家怀疑正是因为含铁少所以上浮游生物学大量生存。但是在一个试验中，人们把铁合物倒进了一个区域，但是浮游生物数量仍然没有增加，尽管那儿的铁含量马上增加了。
Which of the following, if true, argues most strongly against concluding, on the basis of the information above, that the oceanographers’ hypothesis is false? 找一个理由来说海洋学家的猜想没错。
A: Not all of the nitrogen compounds that are sometimes found in relatively high concentrations in the oceans are nutrients for plankton.现在在说铁，没说氮。
B: Certain areas of the ocean support an abundance of plankton despite having particularly low concentrations of iron.证明铁少了浮游生物也会长得很好，在和海洋学家唱反调。
C: The release of the iron compounds did not increase the supply of nitrogen compounds in the area. 同A
D: A few days after the iron compounds were released, ocean currents displaced the iron-rich water from the surface. 铁化合物是倒进去海里了，便没几天就被冲回上海岸了，所以海里的铁含量仍然低。正确。
E: The iron compounds released into the area occur naturally in areas of the ocean where plankton thrive. 倒进去的铁和自然存在的铁没什么两样，那为什么浮游生物仍然不长呢?没有支持海洋学者的观念，所以错。
28-23: Goronian lawmaker: Goronia’s Cheese Importation Board, the agency responsible for inspecting all wholesale shipments of cheese entering Goronia from abroad and rejecting shipments that fail to meet specified standards, rejects about one percent of the cheese that it inspects. Since the health consequences and associated costs of not rejecting that one percent would be negligible, whereas the cost of maintaining the agency is not, the agency’s cost clearly outweighs the benefits it provides.
G国制法机关：G国的奶酪进口委员会负责检查所有批发进口货运到G国的奶酪，并将不符合特定标准的进口物拒收，被拒收的比例占被检查的1%。如果这1%没被拒收，由此引起的健康不良后果以及相关的费用是很少的，但是维持这么一个委员会的费用却不少，显然这个委员会的花费超出了它带来的利益。
Knowing the answer to which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the lawmaker’s argument? 以下哪个可以用来判断制法机关的意见对不对?
A: Are any of the types of cheeses that are imported into Goronia also produced in Goronia? 本地有没有和进口的一个品种的奶酪和委员会的作用大小没关系。
B: Has the Cheese Importation Board, over the last several years, reduced its operating costs by eliminating inefficiencies within the agency itself? 需要知道的是委员会的费用和创造的价值之间的比例，而不是这个费用是否有削减。
C: Does the possibility of having merchandise rejected by the Cheese Importation Board deter many cheese exporters from shipping substandard cheese to Goronia?有没有可能因为被拒收过，出口商就没有不达标准的奶酪进口到G国。其含义在于如果有这个可能，那么等于说有委员会，不达标准的大概是1%，如果没有委员会，进口的奶酪中不达标准且可能就远远超过1%。那么其带来的损失也就不一定会少于维持委员会的费用;相反如果没有这个可能，那么有委员会和没有委员会，不合格商品都只有1%的比例，那么题干中的委员会花了太多钱但却只避免了很少的经济损失这个结论是成立的。所以此选项正确。
D: Are there any exporters of cheese to Goronia whose merchandise is never rejected by the Cheese Importation Board? 有没有出口商的商品是从没被拒收过的。不管有没有，都没有信息告诉我们这和委员会的存在与否有直接关系。所以无关。
E: How is the cheese rejected by the Cheese Importation Board disposed of? 被拒收的奶酪怎么被处理的显然和是否应该维持这个委员会没有关系。
28-28: Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb’s high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.
一种耕种草本植物属于那种生长于含高量金属的土壤中，这种土质对大多数植物来说是含毒性的。农学家对这种草本植物的研究发现这种植物产生大量的H(一种酸，这种酸在试管里可将金属变成化学性失效)。因此，这种植物产生高H可能就是它可以在含高金属的土壤中生长的原因。这个猜想可能被证实只要。。。。。。
(推理过程：因为其产生大量的H，所以H是它可以生存的原因。其gap在于这个H是可以生存的原因还是特定生存造成的现象。)
A: histidine is found in all parts of the plant – roots, stem, leaves, and flowers H可以这种植物的全身找到。这并不能说明H就是植物可以在高铁土壤里生存的原因，
B: the herb’s high level of histidine production is found to be associated with an unusually low level of production of other amino acids H高，其它酸低，也是一个现象，不能说明H就是原因。
C: others of the closely related group of plants are also found to produce histidine in large quantities 其它相近的植物也高产H，同样，不能说明H是原因。
D: cultivation of the herb in soil with high concentrations of the metals will, over an extended period, make the soil suitable for plants to which the metals are toxic 曾经含高铁的土地在栽了这种植物后会变得可以栽其它植物。第一，题干告诉我们含铁的土壤对大多数植物是有害的，也就是说其它植物是不可能在高含铁的土地上存活。但现在可以了，也就是说含铁量下降了。第二，题干中告诉我们在试管里面H可以让铁失效;结合这两点，明显就是H的作用让土中的铁变得不产生作用了。正确。
E: the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity 在植物长成后H变少了，不能说明H在植物生长过程中的作用。
28-29: Lofgren’s disease has been observed frequently in commercially raised cattle but very rarely in chickens. Both cattle and chickens raised for meat are often fed the type of feed that transmits the virus that causes the disease. Animals infected with the virus take more than a year to develop symptoms of Lofgren’s disease, however, and chickens commercially raised for meat, unlike cattle, are generally brought to market during their first year of life.
L病在做为商品养大的牛中常见，但在鸡中却不常见。牛和鸡都是做为肉食商品时，给它们吃的都是一种可以传播引起L病的鉰料。动物染上这病后有一年以上的潜伏期(出现症状之前的阶段)，但是不象牛，鸡通常在出生后一年就被在市场上出售了。(潜台词：如果要知道鸡得病没有，就需要把它们养到超过一年的时间)
Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information provided?
根据题干的信息可以推出什么结论?
A: The virus that causes Lofgren’s disease cannot be transmitted to human beings by chickens. 倒底传染给人没有是未知数，而且和题干中的信息构不成事实-结论的关系。
B: There is no way to determine whether a chicken is infected with the Lofgren’s disease virus before the chicken shows symptoms of the disease. 既然L病的潜伏期有一年，而在潜伏期中是检查不出来动物有没有得L病。所以鸡即使得了这个病，也是在卖出去以后。而且根据题干，它们卖出去后多半是直接成了食物，所以观察不到它们究竟得没得L病。同样的道理，也无法判断它们是不是没有得这个病。正确。有些同学的讨论中说作者认为鸡得了病只是没被发现，我认为是不对的。作者的观点是得还是没得这个病是不知道的，至于为什么不知道，B选项提供了解释。
C: A failure to observe Lofgren’s disease in commercial chicken populations is not good evidence that chickens are immune to the virus that causes this disease.题干中的信息不能推出鸡究竟有没有患上L病，而没有涉及到免疫的问题。这个选项是情理之中，但却是附加了新的内容。换个思路，如果把这个选项加在题干中当成结论，那其证据和结论之间我们是可以找到GAP的，这就是说用那些证据不一定就能推出这个结论。具体到这个题目，题中的信息能推出的仅是不知道鸡得了这病没有，有可能得也有可能没得，但是这两种情况都没法确定。
D: An animal that has been infected with the virus that causes Lofgren’s disease but that has not developed symptoms cannot transmit the disease to an uninfected animal of the same species. 不知道牛的病是不是会互相传染，更没说鸡了。并且说题干构不成事实-结论的关系。
E: The feed that chickens and cattle are fed is probably not the only source of the virus that causes Lofgren’s disease 这个选项想推出的结论是：既然鸡没得这个病，而它们吃的是和牛吃的同一类鉰料，那么牛可能就不是因为吃这个东西得的L病，而是从其它渠道得的。其错误在于没有信息提供鸡有没有得L病，所以这个前提就不成立。
28-32: A prominent investor who holds a large stake in the Burton Tool Company has recently claimed that the company is mismanaged, citing as evidence the company’s failure to slow production in response to a recent rise in its inventory of finished products. It is doubtful whether an investor’s sniping at management can ever be anything other than counterproductive, but in this case it is clearly not justified. It is true that an increased inventory of finished products often indicates that production is outstripping demand, but in Burton’s case it indicates no such thing. Rather, the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers.
大部分B公司的投资者宣称B公司管理不善，其理由在于尽管存货增多但其产量并没有因此而减少。虽然，但在这个事件中显然是不公正的。存货量增加虽然往往意味着供大于求，但B公司的情况却不是这么回事。相反的，增加的存货完全是因为那些货是根据顾客的订单生产的。(相当于顾客订了货只是没来提货)
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A: The first states the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second provides evidence to undermine the support for the position being opposed.第二个不是证据，而是结论。
B: The first states the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second is evidence that has been used to support the position being opposed.第二个和第一个是反驳的关系，不是支持。
C: The first states the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second states the conclusion of the argument as a whole. 正确。
D: The first is evidence that has been used to support a position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second provides information to undermine the force of that evidence.第一个是投资者的结论，而不是证据;第二个和第一个是反驳的关系。
E: The first is evidence that has been used to support a position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second states the conclusion of the argument as a whole.
第一个是投资者的结论，而不是证据;
28-40: In Kravonia, the average salary for jobs requiring a college degree has always been higher than the average salary for jobs that do not require a degree. Current enrollments in Kravonia’s colleges indicate that over the next four years the percentage of the Kravonian workforce with college degrees will increase dramatically. Therefore, the average salary for all workers in Kravonia is likely to increase over the next four years.
在K地，那些要求职员具大学文凭的工作的工资高于不要求文凭的平均工资。目前K地的大学入学情况显示在未来的四年里，K地的工作群体中持大学文凭的比例将大幅增加。由此，K地的平均工资也可能会在同期增加。
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A: Kravonians with more than one college degree earn more, on average, than do Kravonians with only one college degree.两个学位比一个学位的挣得多和题干中的的现状是相吻合的，但是不能说明未来的状况(未来持学位的人会更多)，无关。
B: The percentage of Kravonians who attend college in order to earn higher salaries is higher now than it was several years ago. 读大学的目的和读完后的人才市场状况是不成必然联系的，无关。
C: The higher average salary for jobs requiring a college degree is not due largely to a scarcity among the Kravonian workforce of people with a college degree. 题干中的事实和结论有一个可以挑剔的地方，那就是现在给大学毕业生的工资高是因为大学毕业生相对较少还是仅仅因为受了大学教育，如果是前者，那四年后大学毕业生的人数就不会相对较少，如果按物不稀价不贵的原理，那工资就不一定会高。这个选项排除了这个可能，所以即使大学毕业生再多，工资标准也会比较高，那么结论就是成立的。正确。
D: The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not increase over the next four years. 既然是加强结论，那么就应该包括结论和与结论直接有关的证据信息，比如此题中的有大学文凭的工资收入，这个选项没有包括这点。另外“不要求大学文凭的工资会上涨”这个信息推导不出对其它工作的工资收入的直接影响，所以无关。
E: Few members of the Kravonian workforce earned their degrees in other countries 在哪里得到了学位没有关系，题中只是有大学学位的工资收入和总平均工资收入的关系问题。
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