新的GMAT的考试增加了IR(Integrated Reasoning),去掉了Analysis of An Issue,而Verbal部分有加大难度的倾向。Verbal部分中逻辑备考一直以来都是中国考生比较重视的一个部分,通过日常授课,笔者发现中国学生在复习备考以及临场发挥中容易出现的一些问题。下面我以几道GMAT例题为例,浅谈一下中国考生容易出现的一些问题。
第一,过度推断是许多中国考生经常会有的一个习惯。比如,看到某人吃饭,许多同学就一定会想到他饿了,但是他到底是不是真的饿了,这个只有他知道。我们不能仅由“他吃饭”做出“他饿了”这样的推测。接下来我们来看一道例题:
例1.The federal government expects hospitals to perform 10,000 organ transplants next year. But it is doubtful that this many donor organs will be available, since the number of fatalities resulting from car and motorcycle accidents has been dropping steadily over the past decade.
The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?
A. A significant number of the organs used in transplants come from people who die in car and motorcycle accidents.
B. The number of car and motorcycle accidents will increase significantly during the next year.
C. No more than 10,000 people will be in need of organ transplants during the next year.
D. In the past the federal government’s estimates of the number of organ transplants needed during a given year have been very unreliable.
E. For any given fatality resulting from a car or motorcycle accident, there is a hospital in the vicinity in need of an organ for a transplant.
解题第一步,首先读题,看见assumptions,判断此题是一道假设题。第二步,读文章,描述文章大意:政府希望医院做1000例器官移植手术。但是怀疑捐献的器官是否够用,因为一些交通事故导致的死亡数正在下降。第三步,看答案,许多考生在看到A选项的时候,就觉得这句话说得很对,一厢情愿的认为交通事故死亡的人的器官是可以被用来移植的,却没有发现文章中根本没有提到这一点,结果看到A的时候自动屏蔽掉,而去选了E答案。其实本质来说E答案的成立也是要基于A答案的。文章中根本没有提到交通事故死亡的人的器官是可以被用来移植的,许多考生确盲目的自己多推了一步,导致此题做错,实属是不应该!
那么如何避免过度推断呢?第一,以后自己与他人谈话时,可以假设谈话对象对谈论的话题什么都不知道,而自己要把该描述的来龙去脉说清楚。第二,别人与自己谈话时,不要去对其信息内容经行过度推断,接受信息客观化。
第二,很多考生会在考逻辑部分时没有充分利用草稿纸板。众所周知,GMAT考试是提供草稿纸板的,但是一般广大的考生觉得只有在数学部分需要用到草稿纸板。其实有的逻辑题,在草稿纸上写一写,逻辑关系就能够快速理解,做题思路也就十分清晰了。我们再来看一个例子:
例2 There are far fewer children available for adoption than there are people who want to adopt. Two million couples are currently waiting to adopt, but in 1982, the last year for which figures exist, there were only some 50,000 adoptions.
Which of the following statements, if true, most strengthens the author's claim that there are far fewer children available for adoption than there are people who want to adopt?
(A) The number of couples waiting to adopt has increased significantly in the last decade.
(B) The number of adoptions in the current year is greater than the number of adoptions in any preceding year.
(C) The number of adoptions in a year is approximately equal to the number of children available for adoption in that period.
(D) People who seek to adopt children often go through a long process of interviews and investigation by adoption agencies.
(E) People who seek to adopt children generally make very good parents.
解题第一步,首先读题,看见if true, most strengthens the author's claim……,判断此题是一道加强题。第二步,读文章,文章描述:adoption数量<家长数量,要想使小孩数量<家长数量成立,哪个可以加强。第三部,看选项,本质上来看这道题是个数学题,不难发现只要小孩数量≤adoption数量,小孩数量<家长数量就可以成立。本质上来说每个逻辑题都是一个小型商业案例的模拟,其实这个题目抽象为数学模式就很简单,相当于现在已知50<100,如何证明X<100,不难发现只有X≤50就可以了。此题只要在草稿纸板上列个式子,其实就很好理解了:我们不难发现C选项中提到adoption的数量≈小孩数量,因此C就是正确答案。
所以大家要充分利用考场的各种资源,帮助自己去取得考试的满意成绩。
当你最终历经苦行,最后走到GMAT考试的时候;当你走出考场,手握自己考试的GMAT考试成绩的时候;当你用你的成绩,申请自己满意的学校的时候。你是否还记得那些年我们一起追过的GMAT考试,那些年我们一起奋斗的点点滴滴。
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