刚刚踏上征途的小伙伴们一定要准备好喲，这里为大家分享的几个小的例题从答案、逻辑关系、考点和选项分析等角度来讲解的，大家也可以从这几个角度练习。
6.解释
Parland's alligator population has been declining in recent years, primarily because of hunting. Alligators prey heavily on a species of freshwater fish that is highly valued as food by Parlanders, who had hoped that the decline in the alligator population would lead to an increase in the numbers of these fish available for human consumption. Yet the population of this fish species has also declined, even though the annual number caught for human consumption has not increased.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the decline in the population of the fish species?
The decline in the alligator population has meant that fishers can work in some parts of lakes and rivers that were formerly too dangerous.
Over the last few years, Parland's commercial fishing enterprises have increased the number of fishing boats they use.
The main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligators also prey.
Many Parlanders who hunt alligators do so because of the high market price of alligator skins, not because of the threat alligators pose to the fish population.
In several neighboring countries through which Parland's rivers also flow, alligators are at risk of extinction as a result of extensive hunting.
①答案：C
②题干逻辑关系：对比
③考点：解释题中的解释现象类题目
④选项分析：短吻鳄数量近些年下降但是并没有使被捕食的鱼数量增加，要解释这种现象就要挖掘隐含信息，建立桥梁以解释这种现象。选项C这种鱼的主要捕食者是另一种也被短吻鳄捕食的鱼。由于短吻鳄的数量减少，另一种该淡水鱼的捕食者数量就很可能增加，是它们捕食更多的淡水鱼，解释了为什么淡水鱼的数量减少。选项A渔民在哪工作，不能解释为什么短吻鳄数量下降，淡水鱼的数量也下降。选项B即使增加了捕鱼船的数量，也不能说明鱼被捕的多，所以不能解释鱼的数量下降。选项D与结论无关。选项E在一些P河流经的邻近国家，短吻鳄有灭绝的危险因为捕猎。短吻鳄有灭绝风险，和文章要解释现象，即为什么鱼的数量下降无关。
⑤时长：3分
7. 支持
The amount of time it takes for most of a worker's occupational knowledge and skills to become obsolete has been declining because of the introduction of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). Given the rate at which AMT is currently being introduced in manufacturing, the average worker's old skills become obsolete and new skills are required within as little as five years.
Which of the following plans, if feasible, would allow a company to prepare most effectively for the rapid obsolescence of skills described above?
The company will develop a program to offer selected employees the opportunity to receive training six years after they were originally hired.
The company will increase its investment in AMT every year for a period of at least five years.
The company will periodically survey its employees to determine how the introduction of AMT has affected them.
Before the introduction of AMT, the company will institute an educational program to inform its employees of the probable consequences of the introduction of AMT.
The company will ensure that it can offer its employees any training necessary for meeting their job requirements.
② 案：E
②题干逻辑关系：因果关系
③考点：支持题中的问题解决类
④选项分析：要解决技术发展过快导致的员工技术跟不上这个问题，就要在提高员工技术方面做努力，选项E说公司要确保员工工作上需求的培训，实时的培训能够保证员工的技术与知识不过时。符合问题要求，是正确选项。A选项在六年之后对员工培训虽然也讲到了培训，但是六年后时间太，技术已经落后很多，显然不符合题意。选项B给出的是反对理由，公司加大对AMT的投入，这样只会使员工的技术过时的更快。选项C和D与问题无关。
⑤时长：3分
8. 削弱
In virtually any industry, technological improvements increase labor productivity, which is the output of goods and services per person-hour worked. In Parland's industries, labor productivity is significantly higher than it is in Vergia's industries. Clearly, therefore, Parland's industries must, on the whole, be further advanced technologically than Vergia's are.
The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?
It offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of information provided in its support.
It presents as evidence in support of a claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim.
I t takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes.
It takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed.
It makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established.
② 案：C
②题干逻辑关系：因果关系
③考点：削弱题中的因果关系类题目
④选项分析：选择答案之前先要进行这样的分析——原因：P的工业的工人生产率比V的工业高。结果：P的工业整体一定比V技术先进。结论说P的工业整体一定比V技术先进，这个结果是否一定，如果不一定就会削弱。选项A给出了一个结论，该结论无非是文中提供支持结论的一个信息的同义改写。选项B作为一个支持一个主张的证据，和支持同样主张的证据不一致。选项D它认定一个情况是某件事的效果，这件事情是在该情况已经存在之后发生的。文章中的技术进步和生产率是有先后顺序的，并不可以颠倒，错。选项E它造成了一个区别，这个区别取决于所建立结论的真实性。文章没有建立某个区别，错。
⑤时长：3分
9. 解释
While many people think of genetic manipulation of food crops as being aimed at developing larger and larger plant varieties, some plant breeders have in fact concentrated on discovering or producing dwarf varieties, which are roughly half as tall as normal varieties.
Which of the following would, if true, most help to explain the strategy of the plant breeders referred to above?
Plant varieties used as food by some are used as ornamentals by others.
The wholesale prices of a given crop decrease as the supply of it increases.
Crops once produced exclusively for human consumption are often now used for animal feed.
Short plants are less vulnerable to strong wind and heavy rains.
Nations with large industrial sectors tend to consume more processed grains.
①答案：D
②题干逻辑关系：对比
③考点：解释题中的解释结论类题目
④选项分析：大的植物品种可能在人们认为产量更高，但是植者事实上却在致力于发现或制造出矮小的植物品种，这种现象值得解释。选项A植物品种有些被用作食物，有些被用做装饰，对结论的解释不通，所以是错误的。选项B作物价格下降当供给量上升时没有支持矮小植物的供给量会比普通大小植物的供给量高，不能解释结论出现的现象。选项C作物以前仅仅被用做人类消费的，现在经常被用作动物饲料，与结论无关项。选项E工业多的国家倾向于消费更多的加工过的谷物，无关项。选项D矮小植物不容易受到大风的暴雨的损害。不受大风和暴雨的影响就是矮小植物的优势，这样的优势为种植者开发矮小植物提供了合理解释。所以D选项正确。
⑤时长：3分
10. 评价
Traverton's city council wants to minimize the city's average yearly expenditures on its traffic signal lights and so is considering replacing the incandescent bulbs currently in use with arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the incandescent bulbs burn out. Compared to incandescent bulbs, LED arrays consume significantly less energy and cost no more to purchase. Moreover, the costs associated with the conversion of existing fixtures so as to accept LED arrays would be minimal.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in determining whether switching to LED arrays would be likely to help minimize Traverton's yearly maintenance costs?
Whether the expected service life of LED arrays is at least as long as that of the currently used
In candescent bulbs
Whether any cities have switched from incandescent lights in their traffic signals to lighting elements other than LED arrays
Whether the company from which Traverton currently buys incandescent bulbs for traffic signals also sells LED arrays
Whether Traverton's city council plans to increase the number of traffic signal lights in Traverton
Whether the crews that currently replace incandescent bulbs in Traverton's traffic signals know how to convert the existing fixtures so as to accept LED arrays
①答案：A
②题干逻辑关系：目的方案
③考点：评价题中的解决方案类题目
④选项分析：第B其他城市是否选用白炽灯对方案的实施无影响。选项C原来公司没卖可以去其他公司买，对方案的实施无影响。选项D中T城的委员会是否计划增加交通灯?交通灯的数量的变化对方案的实施无影响。选项E以前换灯的工人是否知道怎么把IB换成LED?这也是无关方案实施的选项。A选项LED寿命是否比IB长?如果LED的使用寿命比IB的使用寿命长则加强的方案的实施;反之，如果LED的使用寿命比incandescent bulbs的使用寿命短，则削弱方案的实施。
⑤时长：3分
