Manhattan是考生在备考GMAT考试时必备的备考资料之一，在Manhattan阅读中对GMAT阅读考试的介绍非常详细实用，下面小编就为大家带来Manhattan阅读中文笔记-Chapter1(二)，希望对大家的阅读备考有帮助。
原则4:Unpack the Beginning
一定要读懂文章的前几句话,把握住文章的重心!因为他们会提供上下文的关键文本。并且在GMAT阅读中常会出现结构复杂的长句子，要学会使用分解法来分析句子，把它变成几个简单的断句。
一般来说，你不用把分解的句子写下来(练习除外)，像具体化一样，分解是剖析语言的有力工具，尤其是在文章一开始，但要谨慎使用此方法。具体步骤如下：
1. 抓住具体名词
2. 找到其发出的动作，在学术语言中，动词常以名词或形容词的形式出现
1. 在句子中运用简单思想，一个主语，一个动词
2. 把后续的句子用this或these链接到前一个句子
3. 简化或省略细节
举例如下：In a diachronic investigation of possible behavioral changes resulting from accidental exposure in early childhood to environmental lead dust, two sample groups were tracked over decades.
1. 抓住具体名词，尤其是一个起因，即lead dust第一句可以简化为: There was lead dust in various environments.
2. 把其他词类如名词或形容词转化为动词. 如： exposure becomes were exposed. Behavioral becomes behaved.
3. 运用简单思维, such as There was lead dust in various environments.
4. 把后续的句子用this或these链接到前一个句子. So the second sentence could read, Young children in these environments were exposed to this dust by accident.
5. 简化或省略细节，如：the term “diachronic” needs a pair of quotes, so that you do not focus on it. You might even think of it just as “^/-something.”
所以最终简化完成的句子是：
(1) There was lead dust in various environments.
(2) Young children in these environments were exposed to this dust by accident
(3) This exposure may have changed how the children behaved.
(4) This whole matter was investigated.
(5) In this "diachronic" investigation, two sample groups were tracked over time.
虽然这种方法在考试的时候并不常用，但了解一种分解句子的方法可以帮你更有效的阅读，另外如果一开始你就被一个复杂的句子困住，你就可以采用这种方法，尽管这需要一些努力。
原则5：Link to What You Have Just Read
把你现在读到的东西和之前读到的东西联系起来!(对文章要进行整体把握)
随着读文章的深入，你要不断问自己你读的意义和目的，“这句话和我之前读的内容有什么关系，为什么会在这里出现，与前文有何关联?”
不要过分分析你所读的内容，你已经把句子连起来了，并使其在文章中有意义，事实上我们现在做的就是如此，正如你现在在看这一章节，我们只是在描述这一进程。更多相关内容请点击》GMAT阅读高分需重视细节。
原则6：Pay Attention to Signals
关注信号词!!!(如：转折，递进，比较，态度等)
首先，段落间隔是很重要的，它标志着新信息的出现。但段落的展开不是随意的，每一段都标志着一个新的开始。
第二，信号词指出了与上文的关系，下面是一些常见的关系及对应的信号词。
Relationship Signal
Focus attention As for; Regarding; In reference to
Add to previous point Furthermore; Moreover; In addition; As well as;
Provide contrast On one hand / On the other hand; While; Rather; Instead; In contrast，Alternatively
Provide conceding contrast Granted; It is true that; Certainly; Admittedly
(author unwillingly agrees) Despite; Although
Provide emphatic contrast But; However; Even so; All the same; Still; That said
(author asserts own position) Nevertheless; Nonetheless; Yet; Otherwise Despite
Dismiss previous point In any event; In any case
Point out similarity Likewise; In the same way
Structure the discussion First, Second, etc.; To begin with; Next; Finally; Again
Give example For example; In particular; For instance
Generalize In general; To a great extent; Broadly speaking
Sum up, perhaps with exception In conclusion; In brief; Overall; Except for; Besides
Indicate logical result Therefore; Thus; As a result; So; Accordingly; Hence
Indicate logical cause Because; Since; As; Resulting from
Restate for clarity In other words; That is; Namely; So to speak
Hedge or soften position Apparently; At least; Can, Could, May, Might, Should; Possibly; Likely
Strengthen position After all; Must, Have to; Always, Never, etc.
Introduce surprise Actually; In fact; Indeed
Reveal author’s attitude Fortunately; Unfortunately; other adverbs; So-called
原则7：Pick Up the Pace
注意节奏(不要抓细枝末节，但是要知道每个detail的大概位置，方便细节题回文定位)
在读文章的时候，第一段过后要加快阅读速度，整篇文章就像是一个拼图，每读一段就要问自己读到的内容对拼图有无意，千万不要迷失在细节中，不要试图去弄清楚每一个点。注意理解文章开头的几句话，关注转折，关注结果!
Only pay close attention to the following elements later on in the passage:
(1) Beginnings of paragraphs. The first or second sentence often functions as a topic
sentence, indicating the content and/or purpose of the paragraph.
(2) Big surprises or changes in direction.
(3) Big results, answers, or payoffs
不要试图一遍就抓住整篇文章，你的注意力和工作记忆是做GMAT阅读的最有价值的资产，要合理分配。
总结: The 7 Principles of Active, Efficient Reading
你不用每次做阅读的时候都有意识地使用这些原则，你需要把他们变成你做阅读时很自然的一部分。
以上是关于Manhattan阅读中文笔记-Chapter1(二)的详细内容，希望大家也能从中受益，不断改进自己的备考方法提升备考效率，从而写出漂亮的文章获得满意的成绩。更多相关内容百利天下小编会持续为大家送上，祝大家都能早日梦圆名校。
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