小编就GMAT语法中的动词为大家做详细介绍,以加深考生记忆,希望大家顺利备考GMAT语法。
1、 动词
(1) 时态
一般现在时
自然现象,统计数据,实验结论,客观事实。
一般过去式
Originally, original, first, centuries ago,the year before last
To have done 表示的是一般过去时,不是现在完成时
e。g。 They are thought to have lived 2,000 years ago
一般将来式
The possibility that/the likelihood that
If, unless, before, when, as soon as等引起的状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时替代将来时,常与将来的时间状语连用。
现在进行时
政府法规法令 directive, sentence
becoming
现在完成时
-Since
-短语 (the world has ever seen, than ever before possible)
-within/during/over/in + the past/last/recent + 时间短语
-现在完成时与过去时区别:过去时就是过去的动作,完成了;现在完成时,除了过去的动作完成了,它区别于过去时的地方就在于它强调对现在的影响。要说什么时候通用,那就是抓住本质“对现在有没有影响?”没有的话,两者都可以。
-在含有since引入的时间短语的简单句或者含有since引导的时间短语从句的复合句中,简单句和复合句的谓语动词应该使用现在完成时,而在此类复合句中,从句的谓语动词即可能是过去时,I have lived in Yunnan since I was a child。也可以是现在完成时,He has never been to see me since I have been ill。另外,在”It is……since从句”的句型中,主句中谓语动词可用可不用现在完成时,It is three years since I came to the college。
过去完成时:表达的是过去的过去,所以需要与一个过去的时态作对比,也即如果句子里面没有特别明显表达过去的过去或者没有某个动词是过去时态,那么必不会出现过去完成时。在用by the time, by the end of 1984这样的时间状语来判断时态时,句子可能用一般将来时也可能用过去完成时,这由by引导的时间点所决定,若此时间点发生在说话之前,用过去完成时;若在说话之后,用将来时。
Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had been constructed in violation of the city’s building code。(过去的过去;在地震发生之前已经建成的)
Earlier in the year过去完成时
The economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year。
Continue
不能用进行时
不能用复合时
Is and will continue doing X
不能无根据地改变原句的时态:除非1。原句有明显的动词时态和状语搭配错误。(比如用过去时修饰NEVER,用完成时修饰YESTERDAY)2。原句有明显的语法问题,而语法正确答案之中,没有和原句一致的时态;其他情况,慎重修改原句时态。另外,现在完成时态,一般不需要明显的时间词就可以使用,因为它所隐含的时间是现在now。
(2) 语态(主动与被动)
被动语态:针对划线部分,主动语态永远优先于被动语态。
有些动词不用被动:lead, lack, enter, last等。
有时候被动语态忽略了动作发出者,而主动语态的动作发出者更明确,所以选主动语态。
The bank holds $3 billion in loans that are seriously delinquent or in such trouble that it does not expect payments to be made when they are due。
The bank holds $3 billion in loans that are seriously delinquent or in such trouble that payments are not expected to be paid when they are due。 (×)
(3) 语气(一般语气与虚拟语气)
虚拟语气:(表示说话人说的并非事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑,推测)
虚拟条件句的四种形式:
§ But for N, S + should/would/cold/might + V / (have Vpp。) 若不是N, S应该…。
§ If it were not / (had not been) for N
§ Were it not for N / (Had it not been for N)
§ Without N(介词只有without可表虚拟语气)
虚拟条件句的时态:
将来时态:从句谓语形式,动词过去式(be用were),should + 动词原形,were to + 动词原形
主句谓语形式would / should / might / could + 动词原形
现在时态:从句谓语形式,动词过去式(be 用 were),主句谓语形式would / should / might / could + 动词原形
过去时态:从句谓语形式,had +动词过去分词,主句谓语形式would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
表示主观判断,推测和表示要求,建议,命令的虚拟语气:
以下动词宾语从句需要用虚拟语气:都要省略should。
1) 表示建议:advocate/advise/move/recommend that ... do ...
sb。 suggest/propose that ... do ...(如果是物作主语就不需要虚拟,动词是“暗示”的意思)
2) 表示命令:order/decree/mandate/command/demand/direct that...do/be...
3) 表示要求:request/require/insist that ... do ...
If……。,(then)……。
If she wins the lottery, she will give half the money to charity。
If she won the lottery, she would give half the money to charity。
If she had won the lottery, she would have given half the money to charity。
以上就是小编为大家整理的GMAT语法中动词的详细介绍,希望通过举例的方法能让考生更好地把握,做到运用自如。最后祝大家GMAT考试成功,早日梦圆名校。
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