动词时态，顾名思义就是时间和状态，时间包括过去，现在和将来三种，以现在为基点，之前的是过去式，之后的是将来，时态包含一般式，进行式，完成式，完成进行式这四种，GMAT语法中对于动词的考察也有很多，本文就把GMAT句子改错之动词时态、语态& 语气给大家介绍下。
一、动词时态，语态和语气
1、动词的时态：表明动作发生的时间。
2、动词的语气：是用来表示说话者对事物的看法或意图。(GMAT考试中陈述语气和虚拟语气比较多)
3、动词的语态：表明是某人或某事物执行某动作。(GMAT常考主动和被动语态)
二、简单时态包含：一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时。
一般时通常用来描述事情的永久状态或常常发生的事。例如：
◆一般现在时Sandy PLAYS well with her friends.
◆一般过去时 Sandy PLAYED well with her friends yesterday.
◆一般将来时 Sandy WILL PLAY well with her friends tomorrow.
三、进行时态包含现在进行时，过去进行时和将来进行时。
◆现在进行时 Sandy IS PLAYING soccer.
◆过去进行时Sandy WAS PLAYING soccer yesterday.
◆将来进行时Sandy WILL BEPLAYING soccer tomorrow.
四、时态一致
she walked to school in the morning and ran home in the afternoon.
she walks to school in the morning and runs home in the afternoon.
she will walk to school in the morning and run home in the afternoon.
五、时态不一致
He is thinner now because he spent the last six months on a strict diet.
(当时间提示语不一致，分别使用相应的谓语动词形式。)
She was playing with her friends when the babysitter arrived.(根据内容，想要强调play这个动作)
She played with her friends when the babysitter arrived.(简单时态)
六、完成时态(现在完成时和过去完成时)
1、现在完成时=主语+have/has +V-ed
1)动作发生在过去持续到现在。
例：we have lived in a hut for three days.(我们已经在这个小房子住了三天了，还可能持续到将来，继续住)
we lived in a hut for three days.(我们在这个屋里住过三天，)
2)动作已经结束但是对现在造成了一定的影响，影响仍然与现在时刻相关.
例： The child HAS DRAWN a square in the sand.
(drawing的动作已结束, square还在那里)
The child HAS DRAWN a square in the sand, but the ocean ERASED it.
(Square消失了)
The child HAS DRAWN a square in the sand, but the ocean HAS ERASED it.
(Square- free) (句子歧义，前半句说画还在，后半说不在了)
2、过去完成时=主语+had+V-ed
动作发生在“过去的过去”，强调先后顺序。
例1:the teacher thought (一般过去时))that Jimmy had cheated (过去完成时)on the exam.
例2：两个行为 发生在过去的不同时间
过去完成时 + 一般过去式 (有直接影响)
The film HAD STARTED by the time we ARRIVED at the theater.
例3： 过去的事件可仅用date/another time表示，不必需有具体时态。
By 1945, the United States HAD BEEN at war for several years.
七：使用”一般过去时“而非”过去完成时“
例1： Antonio DROVE to the store and BOUGHT some ice cream.
(本句and连接先后两个动作，顺序很明显，不需要使用过去完成时)
例2： Antonio DROVE to the store, and Cristina BOUGHT some ice cream.
(由and/but连接的句子也没有必要过去完成时)
例3：Laura LOCKED the deadbolt before she LEFT for work.
(after/before已澄清并强调了顺序，也没必要使用过去完成时态)
八、时态的顺序变化
直接引语- Scientist: “The supercollider IS (一般现在时)ready, it DID(一般过去时) not COST too much, and it WILL(一般将来时) PROVIDE new insights into the workings of the universe.”
间接引语- Report: The scientist ANNOUNCED (一般过去时)that the supercollider WAS ready, that it HAD not COST too much, and that it WOULD PROVIDE new insights into the workings of the universe.
九、虚拟语气
1、看起来不可能或者不真实的条件，用if,as if,as though 引导。
2、建议，命令，要求等(proposal，desire，request等)，用that引导。
常接命令性虚拟语气的词：
Demand ， dictate，insist，mandate,propose ,recommend,request,stipulate,
常接动词不定式的词：
Advise,allow,forbid,persuade,want
既能接虚拟语气，又能接不定式的词
Ask,beg,intend,order,prefer,urge,require.
十、被动语态与主动语态
被动语态构成：be+V-ed
》》点击了解GMAT语法动词的时态,情态和语态
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