GMAT语法是GMAT考试中的重点，也是一大难点，想要获得GMAT语法高分并不是一件容易的事。尤其是GMAT语法中的代词指代问题，许多考生都傻傻分不清楚，今天我们就接着前面讲的内容给大家继续讲解GMAT语法代词指代的考点内容(二)的内容。
例2：
As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales they would in the past have conceded to rivals.
A they would in the past have conceded to rivals
B they would have conceded previously to their rivals
C that in the past would have been conceded previously to rivals
D it previously would have conceded to rivals in the past
E it would in the past have conceded to rivals
分析：
As这个连词连接了一个完整的句子，画线句子没有在从句当中是在主句，主句是从the company 开始的。所以句子的主语是the company ，has become是谓语动词， increasingly 副词作状语修饰谓语动词，接着划线部分出现代词的指代they，见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理， they肯定不能指代market sales，因为sales不能发出 have conceded 的让步这个动作，所以they判断出指代的是句子主语the company，如果指代the company，很明显they的使用就不对，因为the company是可数名词单数，所以排除AB选项。剩下三个选项代词指代是一致的，C选项出现了用词重复的错误，其中in the past 和previously 都是表示的过去，排除C;D选项in the past 和previously 同样用词重复，排除D，正确答案是E.
正确句子：
As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would in the past have conceded to rivals.
验证：
As是个连词，连接了一个从句，从句主语是its sales，its 是代词，因为its 之前没有出现先行词，所以its 只能往后指代， those of measuring 中的 those 也是代词指代，关于that和those的指代，指的是相同的概念不同事物，比如中国的人口比美国的人口多，同时属于population这个概念，但是这两个人口是不同的事物。这里的those 指代的是sales ，句子主语是the company，has become是句子谓语，it would in the past have conceded to rivals.中的it是个代词，其中能发出conceded 这个动作的只有句子的主语company ，所以这里it指代的就是company 。这时候我们会发现主句部分一个连词都没有但是却有两个句子，我们需要了解一下连词省略的情况。
注意：能够省略连词的有两种情况，第一种是if引导的条件状语从句，第二种就是，当定语从句的关系词that在定于从句当中充当宾语的时候，关系词that就可以省略。其实补充完的句子是……the mass market sales that it would in the past have conceded to rivals.that 充当conceded 宾语。
例3： In a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center, but now it is lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws.
A In a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center, but now it is
B According to a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition was concentrated in a metal center, but now it is
C Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now
D The discus used in track competition, once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, but now
E The discus used in track competition was once designed having its weight concentrated in a metal center and now
分析：
In a previous design,介词短语在句首做的是状语，the weight of the discus名词短语，used动词的ed形式做定语，修饰的是discus，is concentrated 是谓语动词，in a metal center,介词短语做状语，but now it is 出现了代词it，这里it应该指代的是先行词the weight ，因为SVO conjunctions SVO,如果一个句子的主语是用的代词指代，另一个句子的主语是名词，那么it就应该优先指代前面的主语the weight，我们看一下选项。A选项In a previous design表示的是过去，那么谓语动词就不应该是is ，时态不对，排除A。B选项时态目前是没有问题。
C选项用的是Once ，而且是句子的省略。因为如果说是主从句的主语是同一个，它是可以把从句的主语省掉的。所以C也没有时态问题。D选项 The discus 是一个名词，used 分词作定语修饰 discus，once designed 又是一个动词的ed形式，因为discus不能主动发出design这个动作，因此在这里只能理解成ed形式表被动。But是连词，但是but之后的句子我们发现是没有谓语动词的，所以D排除。E选项The discus名词短语，used 分词作定语修饰 discus，前面用的是was once designed过去时态，但是既然后面有一个时间状语now ，就应该用现在时态，时态不对。排除E。目前只剩下B和C选项。lined with lead的逻辑主语到底应该是weight还是discus呢?B选项指的是weight，C选项指的是discus。因为lined with lead是个具体名词不能和weight这个抽象名词并列，所以排除B。
正确句子：
Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws.
验证：
Once 连词，省略主语，designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center,修饰句子的主语the discus，在修饰语当中出现了代词its，因为在its之前没有出现不可数名词或者可数名词的单数，因此its的先行词是在后面的就是the discus，used in track competition动词ed形式作定语修饰句子的主语the discus，谓语动词是is，thereby improving ……and resulting……是两个doing结构的并列，修饰的是整个句子，做的是整个句子的结果状语。
》》点击了解GMAT语法代词指代的考点内容(一)
》》点击了解GMAT语法代词指代的考点内容(三)
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