GRE阅读必备题材分析之自然科学类-地理，主要从自然科学类的阅读题材入手，帮助考生迅速的提升阅读解题技巧，一起来学习吧!
自然科学类背景知识拓展。
自然科学涉及物理、化学、天文学、地理等。
地质学和地球物理学是两个不同的专业，研究不同的方向。地质学研究地球外壳的组成、结构、历史形成和演变过程。地球物理学不仅研究地球的表面，还使用物理和数学方法研究地球的内部组成，如地面，水，大气，海洋，地球的电、磁场、向心力，等等。
例题1选自GRE阅读国内题，1990年4月份，section A第一篇。
Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth’s subsurface, the seismic-reflection method......which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling.
分析文章。
文章结构：论证一个观点。
TS:文章的第一句话。
分析题目。
1.The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) describing an important technique
(B) discussing a new method
(C) investigating a controversial procedure
(D) announcing a significant discovery
(E) promoting a novel application
正确答案：(A)
2.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) A method is criticized, and an alternative is suggested.
(B) An illustration is examined, and some errors are exposed.
(C) An assertion is made, and a procedure is outlined.
(D) A series of examples is presented, and a conclusion is drawn.
(E) A hypothesis is advanced, and supporting evidence is supplied.
正确答案：(C)
3.According to the passage, in the seismic-reflection method all of the following have a significant effect on the signal detected by the seismic instruments EXCEPT the
(A) presence of unrelated wave trains
(B) placement of the seismic instruments
(C) number of sources in the grid pattern
正确答案：(A/B)
例题2。
Geologists have long known that the Earth’s mantle is heterogeneous， but its spatial arrangement remains unresolved—is the mantle essentially layered or irregularly heterogeneous? The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands， islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle， are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source， most geologists contend， is the upper mantle.
Some geologists， however， on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths，argue that the mantle is not layered， but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements”(elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly， according to the vagaries of the fluids‘ pathways. We believe， perhaps unimaginatively， that this debate can be resolved through further study， and that the under explored midocean ridge system is the key.
分析文章。
文章结构：解释针对问题型文章。
问题：文章的首句。最后一句话表明，解释有待进一步的研究。
分体题目。
1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
A.Current theories regarding the structure of the Earth s mantle cannot account for new discoveries regarding the composition of mantle xcnoliths.
B.There are conflicting hypotheses about the heterogeneity of the Earth's mantle because few mantle elements have been thoroughly studied.
C.Further research is needed to resolve the debate among geologists over the composition of the mid-ocean ridge system.
D.There is clear-cut disagreement within the geologist community over the structure of the Earth s mantle.
E.There has recently been a strong and exciting challenge geologists' long-standing belief in the heterogeneity of the Earth's mantle.
正确答案：(D)
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