托福听力与一般听力想比,在听力时没有考题概念,一片茫然,不清楚哪里会是考点,所以记笔记很是必要。而做托福听力笔记时要注意:防止因记误听、防止记录不分轻重、防止记录混乱,影响回忆。
边听边记对于所有考生都是一种考验,能在有限的时间有逻辑又比较完整地记下文章重点,需要多多练习,而练习必不可缺的就是笔记符号了!
下面百利天下考试小编为大家整理了一些容易理解、节省记录时间的实用笔记符号。
各种符号类:
O表示国家
⊙ 会议、开会
∞ 捕鱼业
↑ 上升、增加
↓ 下降、减少
→ 导致
+ 好 ;多,many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++ 更强、更好 ,more
- 差 ;少,little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc
―― 更差,worse
= 等于;相同的,means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.
≠ 不同,be different from, etc.
无敌,matchless, peerless, etc.
√ 好的,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.
同意,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
× 错误、失误;坏,wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.
> 多于,bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
高,superior to,surpass, etc.
< 少于,less/smaller,etc.
低,inferior to,etc.
∧ 表转折
( ) 在......之间,among, within, etc.
~ 表示“大约”概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.
/ 表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.
‖ 通过
: 表示各种各样“说”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
? 问题,question,issue
. (dot) 这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。“y”表示this year, “y2.” two year later“next week”, 可以表示为“wk.”
☆ 重要的,important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.
n 交流,exchange,mutual, etc.
& 和、与,and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.
∥ 结束,end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
缩略词类
APT :Apartment
ACC:Accountant
ACDG :According
ACPT: Accept
AD :Advertisement
ADS :Address
ADV: Advice
AMAP :As much/many as possible
AMT: Amount
APV :Approve
ASAP :As soon as possible
BAL :Balance
BLDG :Building
CERT Certificate
CFM :Conform
CNCL :Cancel
CNF: Conference
CMI :Commission
CMP :Complete
CMPE :Compete/competitive
CMU :Communication
CONC :Concern/concerning/concerned
COND :Condition
CO. :Company
DEPT:Department
DISC :Departure
EXCH: Exchange
EXPLN:Explain
EXT: Extent
FLT :Final
FRT: Freight
FYR :For your reference
GD :Good
GUAR :Guarantee
H.O. Home office
INFO :Information
IMPS :Impossible
IMP(T): Important
INCD :Include
INDIV :Individual
INS: Insurance
INTST :Interested
I/O :Instead of
IOU :I owe you
IVO: In view of
MANUF :Manufacture
MDL :Model
MEMO :Memorandum
MGR :Manger
MIN :Minimum
MKT :Market
MSG :Message
NCRY :Necessary
NLT :No later than
OBS :Observe
OBT :Obtain
ORD :Ordinary
PAT :Patent
PC :Piece
PKG :Packing
PL :People
PLS :Please
POSN: Position
POSS(BL): Possible
PROD: Product
QLTY: Quality
QUTY: Quantity
RCV: Receive
REF :Reference
REGL :Regular
REP :Representative
RESN: Reservation
RPT :Repeat
RESPON :Responsible
SEC: Section
SITN :Situation
STD :Standard
TEL :Telephone
TEMP :Temporary
TGM :Telegraph
THO :Though
TKS :Thanks
TRD :Trade
TRF: Traffic
TTL :Total
U :You
UR :Your
WK :Week
WL :Will
WT :Weight
XL: Extra large
字母类:
Z 表示“人”people/person,因为“Z”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ。
P 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ。
E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business。
I 表示工业: industry
C× 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict
W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等
U 合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等:country, state, nation
T 表示“领导人”:leader, head那么head of government, head of company
J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.
L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.
O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc
希望大家可以在长期的托福听力训练过程中多练习使用这些符号,在练习过程中掌握用法。当然,这些符号表达只是一种参考,大家也可以通过练习总结自己的笔记法。百利天下考试祝大家都能取得理想的考试成绩!
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