托福阅读中的逻辑关系是托福阅读文章中的内容桥梁,连接阅读中的各片段使文章成为一个统一的整体。缺乏对逻辑关系的理解意味着大家在读托福阅读文章的过程中不能从整体上理清文章脉络,做题也会很吃力。所以,在托福阅读的备考中,逻辑关系是不容忽视的内容。而逻辑关系中最难的还是那些隐藏的逻辑关系。所以,托福小编专门为大家介绍。
以下内容会涉及6组最常见的逻辑关系。
一、否定
显性否定关系词:
no, not, none, neither, never, deny
隐含的否定义关系词:
fail to, absence from,lack\ lack of, refuse to, little, few
带以下否定前缀的词:
a- ab-anti- counter-de-dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, non-, un-
带以下否定后缀的词:
less, -free, -proof
二、因果
显性因果关系词:
because, since, for, as, due to, owing to, In that, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently...
隐含的因果关系词:(有导致或者促进意味的词)
cause, lead to, make, render, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motivate,prompt, be responsible to...
三、比较
显性比较关系词:
compare, compare to
隐含的比较关系词:
自身含有最高级含义的词:maximum, favorite, outstanding, top...
比较级:more…than, -er than, less…than
表示变化的词:change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
表示差异的词:different, distinguish, separate ,,surpass, exceed, excel, over
四、条件
显性条件关系词:
unless, supposing, suppose, providing / provided (that), in case, as long as7 on condition that...
隐含的条件关系词:
时间状语中隐含的条件关系:表示的是“在…情况下会发生”的情况
五、 并列
显性并列关系词:
likewise, in the same way, similarly/similar to, vice versa, also/as well as, not only ...but also ..v both ... and …,neither... nor ,like, equally, or/and...
隐含的并列关系符号:
表示并列的符号:“;”(往往被忽略的一点)
六、 转折
显性转折关系词:
but/yet, however, in contrast (to), conversely, though/although, nevertheless, in spite of/despite, on the contrary, even if/even though, instead ,different from/differ from, while...
隐含的转折关系词:
但是有相反的概念出现,比如“advantage”和“disadvantage”,“like”和“hate”等。
以上就是前程百利托福小编为大家分享的在托福阅读中的隐含逻辑关系。希望大家可以认识这些关系词,在阅读进和解题中得到更多帮助。
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