托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO5-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO5-1 Minerals and Plants
Paragraph1
Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil is the source of these minerals, which are absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, in normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpentine soils, for example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil.
1. According to Paragraph1, what is true of plants that can grow in serpentine soil?
They absorb micronutrients unusually well.
They require far less calcium than most plants do.
They are able to absorb nitrogen in its elemental state.
They are typically crops raised for food.
解析：以serpentine soil做关键词定位至倒数第二句，这种土壤钙质缺乏，只有对钙要求很低的植物可以生存。问题问什么样的植物能够生存，所以B正确。A中micronutrients没说，C的nitrogen和elemental state与问题无关，错;D的food没说
【1】研究表明，某些矿物质是植物正常生长发育所必需的。土壤是这些矿物质的来源，它们通过水分被植物从土壤中吸收。即使是元素状态为气体的氮，也通常作为硝酸根离子从土壤中被吸收。众所周知，一些土壤缺乏微量营养素，因此大多数植物不能生长。例如所谓的蛇纹岩土壤，由于缺乏钙，只有那些能忍受如此低含量的钙的植物才能够存活。在现代农业，土壤矿物质枯竭是一个大问题，因为收割庄稼切断了养分返回土壤的循环。
Paragraph2
Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves.
3. According to Paragraph2, which of the following symptoms occurs in phosphorus-deficient plants but not in plants deficient in nitrogen or iron?
Chlorosis on leaves
Change in leaf pigmentation to a dark shade of green
Short, stunted appearance of stems
Reddish pigmentation on the leaves or stem
解析： 以phosphorus-deficient plants做关键词定位至倒数第二句，说phosphorus-deficient，磷缺乏的植物是容易倒的，并且叶子会变成暗绿色，B是答案。A中的chlorosis萎黄病，变色病没说;C中的茎很短原文没说;D中的reddish pigmentation原文没说
【2】矿物质缺乏通常可由特定的症状检测出来，如褪绿(叶绿素损失导致黄叶或白叶的现象)、坏疽(孤立的坏死斑)、花青素的形成(形成深红色叶片和茎色素沉积)、发育不良以及草本植物长木质组织。土壤最常缺乏的是氮和磷。氮缺乏植物表现出了刚才描述的许多症状：叶片黄化、茎短而细以及发生在茎、叶柄以及下叶表面的花青素变色。磷缺乏的植物往往发育不良，叶片变成特殊的深绿色，经常伴随着花青素的积累。由于磷流向新生的组织，通常较老的叶片首先受到影响。铁缺乏症的特点是嫩叶的叶脉之间萎黄。
Paragraph2,
Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves.
4. According to Paragraph2, a symptom of iron deficiency is the presence in young leaves of
Deep red discoloration between the veins.
White or yellow tissue between the veins.
Dead spots between the veins.
Characteristic dark green veins.
解析： 以iron deficiency和young leaves做关键词定位至最后一句，chlorosis变色病，萎黄病，所以B项的white or yellow tissue刚好对上。A项的deep red没说，错;C的dead spots原文没说，错;D的dark green是缺乏磷的症状，不对
【2】矿物质缺乏通常可由特定的症状检测出来，如褪绿(叶绿素损失导致黄叶或白叶的现象)、坏疽(孤立的坏死斑)、花青素的形成(形成深红色叶片和茎色素沉积)、发育不良以及草本植物长木质组织。土壤最常缺乏的是氮和磷。氮缺乏植物表现出了刚才描述的许多症状：叶片黄化、茎短而细以及发生在茎、叶柄以及下叶表面的花青素变色。磷缺乏的植物往往发育不良，叶片变成特殊的深绿色，经常伴随着花青素的积累。由于磷流向新生的组织，通常较老的叶片首先受到影响。铁缺乏症的特点是嫩叶的叶脉之间萎黄。
Paragraph3
Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Acroponics, a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil.
6. According to Paragraph3, what is the advantage of hydroponics for research on nutrient deficiencies in plants?
It allows researchers to control what nutrients a plant receives.
It allows researchers to observe the growth of a large number of plants simultaneously.
It is possible to directly observe the roots of plants.
It is unnecessary to keep misting plants with nutrient solutions.
解析：以nutrient deficiency做关键词定位至第一句，但第一句只是给这个无土栽培下了个定义，第二句才开始说好处，使得researchers能够有意去掉某种营养，然后看效果，也就是A说的可以选择让植物吸收什么营养;其他三项都完全没说
【3】大多数关于营养素缺乏症的研究都基于水培法，即在无土营养液中培养。这项技术允许研究人员创造缺乏某种营养素的溶液，然后观察对植物生长造成的影响。水培法的应用已经超越了基础研究，因为它促进了温室蔬菜在冬季的生长。空气培养法，一种把植物悬挂起来，将其根部喷上营养液的技术，是另外一种无土栽培的方法。
以上就是托福阅读TPO5-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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