托福阅读笔记。说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的是TPO12 Transition to Sound in Film的学习笔记，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO12 Transition to Sound in Film
文章题材：艺术学科——电影声音的演变
文章结构：本文介绍电影从无声到有声的转变，这是电影史上最大的变革。这种光辉的背后有着纷繁复杂的背景，当时各种伴奏和解说非常流行，视觉影像技术和审美实验都取得了很大进步，转向有声电影成本很高，早期技术存在局限性却不被一些批评家看好，但是有声电影最终依靠广播产业的投资在全世界获得了普及。
第一段：介绍从无声电影到有声电影的转变，这是电影史上最为重大的一次变革。
第二段：介绍在无声电影时期的现场配音时代吗，几乎每家影院都有伴奏乐器。
第三段：介绍同时期的其他发明，声音技术的缺陷抑制和妨碍了其他领域的发明和进步。
第四段：批评家对待有声电影的观点。
第五段：介绍有声电影的飞速发展，促进了电子公司和电信公司的扩张。
第六段：介绍电影从无声到有声的彻底转变，美国广播产业促进了电影录音的研究，有声电影彻底取得胜利。
常见词汇：
Paradox 悖论;矛盾的
Era 时期;时代
Aural 听觉的;耳的
Premiere 初次演出
Overshadow 使阴暗;使失色
Triumph 胜利;成功
Aesthetic美学的
Simultaneously 同时地
Startling 令人吃惊的
Suppress 抑制;制止
Retard 减速;阻止
Synchronization 同步
Avenue 大道;方法手段
Enormously 巨大地
易错题解析：
4. Why does the author mention “Japanese benshi” and “original musical compositions”?
○To suggest that audiences preferred other forms of entertainment to film before the transition to sound inthe1920's
○To provide examples of some of the first sounds that were recorded for film
○To indicate some ways in which sound accompanied film before the innovation of sound films in the late 1920s
○To show how the use of sound in films changed during different historical periods
题型：修辞目的题。答案是(C)
解析：回原文定位信息为In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images, from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States.，此句话的意思为“在一些实例中，从日本的benshi(口技)的多点音效对话演绎到欧洲和美国由管弦交响乐乐队演奏的专门为电影谱写的曲谱，录音时代之前的观众都亲历过那种精心制作的音效呈现伴随电影放映画面，”。所以可以判断出“Japanese benshi” and “original musical compositions”是录音时代以前观众看过的有音效呈现的电影放映画面的举例，因此答案是C。
A 和D项在原文中没有提及。B项部分信息与原文不符。
易错选项：(B)。
Paragraph 4: Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. These critics were making a common assumption—that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.
8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○It was difficult for some critics in the 1920s to imagine why the idea of sound film had faded from sight well before the First World War.
○As surprising as it seems today, some critics in the 1920s believed that the new attempts at sound films would fade just as quickly as the attempts made before the First World War.
○Though some early critics thought that sound film would fade, its popularity during the First World War proved that it was not simply a technical novelty.
○Although some critics predicted well before the First World War that sound film would be an important technical innovation, it was not attempted until the 1920s.
题型：句子简化题。答案是(B)
解析：首先分析原句，Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective(让步状语从句), a strain of critical opinion(主语) in the 1920s predicted(谓语) that(引导宾语从句) sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight(定语从句), just as (像)many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound(注意后面这里attempt to do的结构)。
所以原句的框架主干意思是“批判性观点预测，就像……一样，有声电影将会是一个将从视线中淡出的工艺新奇事物”。原句完整地可翻译为：虽然这在事后很难想象，但是在1920年一个倾向性的批判性观点预测有声电影仅仅作为一项新奇的技术将会迅速从视线中退去，就像一战之前的许多试图将图像与录音连接在一起的尝试一样。选项B 中的As surprising as it seems today对应原句中的Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective,主句的意思也和原文符合。
以上就是小编带来的托福阅读笔记之TPO12 Transition to Sound in Film，希望能够和备考的大家一起学习。更多托福考试资讯请关注前程百利。
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