托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO11-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO11-1 Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
Paragraph 2：
The majority of three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues are viewed in isolation, out of their original context and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years. Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues were created not for their decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.
4. According to paragraph 2, why are Egyptian statues portrayed frontalty?
○ To create a psychological effect of distance and isolation
○ To allow them to fulfill their important role in ceremonies of Egyptian life
○ To provide a contrast to statues with a decorative function
○ To suggest the rigid, unchanging Egyptian philosophical attitudes
解析：以statue和frontalty双关键词定位至第三句，说frontality跟珍惜雕塑的作用有关，并在后一句进一步说不是为了装饰，而是确实起到某种实际作用的，所以答案是B。A和D在原文中都有说到，但都跟问题无关，所以不选;C的对比从来没说过，所以不对
【2】大部分三维立体的雕像，无论是站着、坐着抑或是跪着的，都体现出一种称为 “正面描绘”的手法：它们往往直面前方，既不弯曲，也不翻转。如果脱离对其原始情境的了解和功能作用的认识，孤立地去观看，你将会对它们三千年不变的僵硬姿态发出责难。然而事实上，这种“正面描绘”的展示手法与古埃及雕塑的功能和创造背景有着密切的联系。当时，创造雕塑不仅仅是用来作为装饰，更重要的是应用于对神灵、国王和逝者的祭祀典礼上。它们被放置在显要位置，是为了受礼者的仪式活动。从而，那些接受膜拜的神灵和人物得以显现，能够更直接地观看到整个仪式的表演，并能与现场表演者互通心灵，传达神意。这些雕塑通常被放置在只有正面开口的矩形神龛或者壁龛中，这样也使得这些作品必须通过正面展现。有些雕塑也被放置在建筑系列中，比如说，塔门(神殿通道入口的纪念碑)的正前方，和支柱结构法庭中的支柱对面或者两柱之间——正是这种正面展示的方式让这些雕塑与周围的建筑环境相得益彰。
Paragraph 3：
Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect this protected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.
8. According to paragraph 3, why were certain areas of a stone statue left uncarved?
○ To prevent damage by providing physical stability
○ To emphasize that the material was as important as the figure itself
○ To emphasize that the figure was not meant to be a real human being
○ To provide another artist with the chance to finish the carving
解析：uncarved与原文第二句中的not normally cut away重合，但这句只在说明这个现象，往后看，说有两个作用，实用角度能够避免损坏，心理角度能够给人以有力量之感，A答案防止破坏说到了第一个方面，正确;其他都没说
【3】这些雕塑通常是由石头、木材和金属做成的。石制雕像是用长方形的石料制成，并且保持着原有的形状和比例。站姿雕塑的躯干与胳膊之间、两腿之间的石料或者是坐姿石像的大腿与座位之间的石料通常不会去掉。外观上来看，通常石像背部增加一个支撑柱可起到保护石像断裂的作用并且在心理上展现出一种力量感。相比之下，木质雕像是把多块木头钉在一起再进行雕刻而成，而金属雕塑是在木芯外裹上金属薄片，或是再用失蜡烛“抛光”。金属雕像的手臂可以与身体分离并且手上也可以单独拿东西。它们不需要背部支柱，因此效果相比于石质雕塑更明亮，表达更流畅。但是因为用途相同，木质的和金属的雕像依旧是正面描绘的表现形式。
10. According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements about wooden statues is true?
○ Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.
○ Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood.
○ Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front.
○ Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues.
解析：如果以wooden statues做关键词，可能需要大量阅读，所以用排除法。A的larger错，原文没说二者谁大谁小;根据wooden statues所在的那句话证明B错，因为原文说木质雕塑是由多块拼接而成的;C错，原文说metal的是由wooden的核包了外皮做的，没说wooden的就有金属外皮;D对，stone的effect是第三句说的a sense of strength and power，而wooden的effect是最后一句说的lighter and freer，所以不同，而且by contrast也说明两者是对照关系
【3】这些雕塑通常是由石头、木材和金属做成的。石制雕像是用长方形的石料制成，并且保持着原有的形状和比例。站姿雕塑的躯干与胳膊之间、两腿之间的石料或者是坐姿石像的大腿与座位之间的石料通常不会去掉。外观上来看，通常石像背部增加一个支撑柱可起到保护石像断裂的作用并且在心理上展现出一种力量感。相比之下，木质雕像是把多块木头钉在一起再进行雕刻而成，而金属雕塑是在木芯外裹上金属薄片，或是再用失蜡烛“抛光”。金属雕像的手臂可以与身体分离并且手上也可以单独拿东西。它们不需要背部支柱，因此效果相比于石质雕塑更明亮，表达更流畅。但是因为用途相同，木质的和金属的雕像依旧是正面描绘的表现形式。
Paragraph 4：
Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population. The function of these is quite different. Many are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife. Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
12. According to paragraph 4, what is the difference between statues that represent the Egyptian elite and statues that represent the nonelite classes?
○ Statues of the elite are included in tombs, but statues of the nonelite are not.
○ Statues of the elite are in motionless poses, while statues of the nonelite are in active poses.
○ Statues of the elite are shown standing, while statues of the nonelite are shown sitting or kneeling
○ Statues of the elite serve an important function, while statues of the nonelite are decorative
解析：以elite和nonelite做关键词定位至第一句，但通过刚才的题得知，第一句只是在陈述一个现象，并没有说两者具体哪里不同，而正确答案应该在第三句，unlike说明这句是正确答案。说formal的人只有几种姿势，或坐或站，但另外一些人就在做各种劳动，所以B正确，C稍显迷惑，注意二者的区别主要是静止还是干活
【4】除去为神灵、国王以及有记载的贵族成员所塑的雕像会有特定的外形，其他的非贵族成员和频繁出现的仆人都是用普通外表来描绘的。他们的用途大不相同，很多被放进贵族陵墓里为的是在来世服侍墓地的主人。跟一般的雕像不同，这些雕像形态各异，而不仅仅局限于站、坐或者跪这几种静态姿势，例如他们有的在研磨谷物，有的正在烤焙面包，制作瓦罐或者演奏音乐，他们姿态逼真，工作时弯腰或蹲下的工作非常地惟妙惟肖。
以上就是托福阅读TPO11-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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