托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO11-2的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO11-2 Orientation and Navigation
Paragraph 3：
Early in his research, Kramer found that caged migratory birds became very restless at about the time they would normally have begun migration in the wild. Furthermore, he noticed that as they fluttered around in the cage, they often launched themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was. in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and used mirrors to change its apparent position. He found that under these circumstances, the birds oriented with respect to the new "Sun." They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.
5. According to paragraph 3, why did Kramer use mirrors to change the apparent position of the Sun?
○ To test the effect of light on the birds' restlessness
○ To test whether birds were using the Sun to navigate
○ To simulate the shifting of light the birds would encounter along their regular migratory route
○ To cause the birds to migrate at a different time than they would in the wild
解析：以人名和mirror做关键词定位至第四、五句，说这个人认为鸟是用太阳导航的，为了验证这个观点，这个人用镜子做了一个实验，所以做这个实验的目的就是验证鸟是不是用太阳导航的，答案是B，其他都没说
【3】在研究早期，Kramer发现被关在笼子里的侯鸟同往常去野外开始迁徙的时候变得焦躁不安。而且，他注意到，当这些鸟在笼子里躁动不安时，它们通常会飞向迁徙路径的方向。于是，Kramer用星椋鸟做实验，将它们关在笼子里，总结出了它们的迁徙方向。事实上，它们基本都能朝向正确的迁徙方向，阴天除外。因为阴天的时候它们的骚动不安使得它们难以清楚分辨方向。因此，Kramer推测，星椋鸟是通过太阳方位来确定方向的。为了证实这一推测，他将这些鸟的眼睛蒙住，并且用镜子改变太阳的自然方位。他发现，在这种环境下，这些鸟会依照新的“太阳”来定位。似乎它们把太阳作为一个罗盘来决定它们的方向。当时人们认为这种观点非常荒谬可笑，有些人在有地图的情况下都有可能迷路，鸟儿又怎么能够用太阳进行导航呢?很显然，接下来还需要做更多的实验。
6. According to paragraph 3, when do caged starlings become restless?
○ When the weather is overcast
○ When they are unable to identify their normal migratory route
○ When their normal time for migration arrives
○ When mirrors are used to change the apparent position of the Sun
解析：以caged starling做关键词定位至第三句，注意此题容易误选A，但原文说overcast的时候鸟的migratory orientation就没方向，跟restless无关。以restless定位至第一句，说这些鸟在migration的时候开始restless，所以答案是C。B跟A在同一句，都与问题无关，所以错;D在第四句，也跟问题无关，不选
【3】在研究早期，Kramer发现被关在笼子里的侯鸟同往常去野外开始迁徙的时候变得焦躁不安。而且，他注意到，当这些鸟在笼子里躁动不安时，它们通常会飞向迁徙路径的方向。于是，Kramer用星椋鸟做实验，将它们关在笼子里，总结出了它们的迁徙方向。事实上，它们基本都能朝向正确的迁徙方向，阴天除外。因为阴天的时候它们的骚动不安使得它们难以清楚分辨方向。因此，Kramer推测，星椋鸟是通过太阳方位来确定方向的。为了证实这一推测，他将这些鸟的眼睛蒙住，并且用镜子改变太阳的自然方位。他发现，在这种环境下，这些鸟会依照新的“太阳”来定位。似乎它们把太阳作为一个罗盘来决定它们的方向。当时人们认为这种观点非常荒谬可笑，有些人在有地图的情况下都有可能迷路，鸟儿又怎么能够用太阳进行导航呢?很显然，接下来还需要做更多的实验。
Paragraph 5：
In experimenting with artificial suns, Kramer made another interesting discovery. If the artificial Sun remained stationary, the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky. Apparently, the birds were assuming that the "Sun" they saw was moving at that rate. When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky. In other words, they were able to compensate for the Sun's movement. This meant that some sort of biological clock was operating-and a very precise clock at that.
8. According to paragraph 5, how did the birds fly when the real Sun was visible?
○ They kept the direction of their flight constant.
○ They changed the direction of their flight at a rate of 15 degrees per hour.
○ They kept flying toward the Sun.
○ They flew in the same direction as the birds that were seeing the artificial Sun
解析：以real sun做关键词定位至倒数第二句，说当真的太阳能看到的时候，鸟的飞行方向不变。A说flying direction是constant持续的，完全改写，是正确答案。C虽然说了飞行方向不变，但没说鸟是朝着太阳飞的;B的15度和D的与人造太阳时飞行的方向一致都没说
【5】在关于人工太阳的试验中，Kramer还有一些很有意思的发现。如果人工的太阳位置保持不变，这些星椋鸟会以每小时15°角的速度改变它们的方向，而这一速度正好是太阳在天空中运行的速度。显然，这些鸟认为它们看见的“太阳”是按照这个速度移动的。但是，当它们看见真正的太阳时，却保持了恒定的方向，正如太阳在天空中移动一样。也就是说，它们可以适应太阳的运行。这就意味着，它们形成了非常精准的生物钟。
9. The experiment described in paragraph 5 caused Kramer to conclude that birds possess a biological clock because
○ when birds navigate they are able to compensate for the changing position of the Sun in the sky
○ birds innate bearings keep them oriented in a direction that is within 15 degrees of the Suns direction
○ birds' migration is triggered by natural environmental cues, such as the position of the Sun
○ birds shift their direction at a rate of 15 degrees per hour whether the Sun is visible or not
解析：以biological clock做关键词定位至最后一句，但这句一开始就说这意味着blabla，所以往前看，说这些鸟保持飞行方向不变是因为他们能弥补太阳位置变化引起的变化，所以A是答案，B和D都说了，但不能成为有biological clock的原因，而C完全没说
【5】在关于人工太阳的试验中，Kramer还有一些很有意思的发现。如果人工的太阳位置保持不变，这些星椋鸟会以每小时15°角的速度改变它们的方向，而这一速度正好是太阳在天空中运行的速度。显然，这些鸟认为它们看见的“太阳”是按照这个速度移动的。但是，当它们看见真正的太阳时，却保持了恒定的方向，正如太阳在天空中移动一样。也就是说，它们可以适应太阳的运行。这就意味着，它们形成了非常精准的生物钟。
Paragraph 6
What about birds that migrate at night? Perhaps they navigate by the night sky. To test the idea, caged night-migrating birds were placed on the floor of a planetarium during their migratory period. A planetarium is essentially a theater with a domelike ceiling onto which a night sky can be projected for any night of the year. When the planetarium sky matched the sky outside, the birds fluttered in the direction of their normal migration. But when the dome was rotated, the birds changed their direction to match the artificial sky. The results clearly indicated that the birds were orienting according to the stars.
10. According to paragraph 6, how did the birds navigate in the planetarium's nighttime environment?
○ By waiting for the dome to stop rotating
○ By their position on the planetarium floor
○ By orienting themselves to the stars in the artificial night sky
○ By navigating randomly until they found the correct orientation
解析：以planetarium做关键词定位至第三句，但这句只在说一个现象，所以往下看，当planetarium的sky与外面的一样，鸟就正常迁徙;不一样的时候鸟就根据人造的sky定位，最后得出是用星星定位的，所以C是答案，其他的完全没说
【6】那些在夜间迁徙的侯鸟又是怎样的呢?也许它们通过观察夜晚的天空来定向飞行。为了证实这一推测，把在夜间迁徙的侯鸟关进笼子里，并在它们的迁徙的时间段，将笼子置于一个天文馆的地板上。这个天文馆实际上是一个剧场，天花板呈穹顶状可以投射出一年四季所有夜晚的景象。当天文馆的穹顶与外面的天空相吻合时，这些鸟就会朝着往常迁徙的方向拍打着翅膀。但是当穹顶旋转时，这些鸟就会改变方向以适应这个人造天空。这就清楚地表明这些夜间迁徙的侯鸟是通过星宿位置来定位方向。
以上就是托福阅读TPO11-2中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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