托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO18-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO18-1 Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia
Paragraph 1
While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. █All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. █However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. █In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success.
1. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about England and Germany?
l They were completely industrialized by the start of the nineteenth century.
l They possessed plentiful supplies of coal.
l They were overtaken economically by the Netherlands and Scandinavia during the early nineteenth century.
l They succeeded for the same reasons that the Netherlands and Scandinavia did.
解析：注意这道题没有明显关键词，England和Germany是不能用的，因为跟主题相关，所以用排除法。A的start of the 19th century做关键词定位至第二句，说相对落后，A和C都反了;B的coal做关键词定位至最后一句，原文说没有coal因此北欧国家没有很早实现工业化，也就是很早实现工业化的英国和德国有coal，所以B正确;D与原文第一句相反，不选
【1】尽管一些欧洲国家，如英国和德国，在18世纪就开始了工业化，荷兰以及丹麦、挪威、瑞典这些斯堪的纳维亚半岛国家的工业化则发展得较晚。这四个国家在19世纪早期工业化水平非常落后。但是在19世纪下半叶，尤其是在最后的二三十年间里，他们迅速地实现了工业化。鉴于这几个国家的工业化起步较晚并且缺少煤炭资源——毫无疑问，这些都是导致他们不在早期工业化国家行列中的主要原因——了解他们成功的原因非常重要。
Paragraph 2
All had small populations. At the beginning of the nineteenth century，Denmark and Norway had fewer than 1 million people, while Sweden and the Netherlands had fewer than 2.5 million inhabitants. All exhibited moderate growth rates in the course of the century (Denmark the highest and Sweden the lowest), but all more than doubled in population by 1900. Density varied greatly. The Netherlands had one of the highest population densities in Europe, whereas Norway and Sweden had the lowest Denmark was in between but closer to the Netherlands.
2. Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about the importance of population density in the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia?
It was a more important factor than population size.
It was more influential than the rate of population growth.
It was more important in the early stages than it was later.
It was not a significant factor.
解析：population density做关键词定位至第二段最后两句，说人口密度变化大，丹麦最大瑞典最小，但他们都实现了工业化而且工业化的原因是相同的，所以density不重要，D正确。原文没有任何比较，所以其他答案都不对
【2】这些国家的人口都很少。在19世纪初，丹麦和挪威的人口总数不到100万;而瑞典和荷兰的居民数量也少于250万。在19世纪，这四个国家均展现出了缓和的人口增长率(丹麦最高，瑞典最低)。但是到了1900年，这些国家的人口数量翻了两倍有余，人口密度剧烈变化。荷兰是欧洲人口密度最大的国家之一，挪威和瑞典最小。丹麦人口密度处于这四国的中游水平，但是趋近于荷兰。
paragraphs 2 and 3
All had small populations. At the beginning of the nineteenth century，Denmark and Norway had fewer than 1 million people, while Sweden and the Netherlands had fewer than 2.5 million inhabitants. All exhibited moderate growth rates in the course of the century (Denmark the highest and Sweden the lowest), but all more than doubled in population by 1900. Density varied greatly. The Netherlands had one of the highest population densities in Europe, whereas Norway and Sweden had the lowest Denmark was in between but closer to the Netherlands.
Considering human capital as a characteristic of the population, however, all four countries were advantaged by the large percentages of their populations who could read and write. In both 1850 and 1914, the Scandinavian countries had the highest literacy rates in Europe, or in the world, and the Netherlands was well above the European average. This fact was of enormous value in helping the national economies find their niches in the evolving currents of the international economy.
3. According to paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following contributed significantly to the successful economic development of the Netherlands and of Scandinavia?
The relatively small size of their populations
The rapid rate at which their populations were growing
The large amount of capital they had available for investment
The high proportion of their citizens who were educated
解析：以economic development做关键词定位至第三段最后一句，说这个事实帮助经济发展，因为有代词，所以看前一句，前句说北欧国家有全欧洲甚至是全世界最高的识字率，所以应该是受教育程度帮助经济发展，所以答案是D。A的size，B的rate和C的investment原文都没说
【2】这些国家的人口都很少。在19世纪初，丹麦和挪威的人口总数不到100万;而瑞典和荷兰的居民数量也少于250万。在19世纪，这四个国家均展现出了缓和的人口增长率(丹麦最高，瑞典最低)。但是到了1900年，这些国家的人口数量翻了两倍有余，人口密度剧烈变化。荷兰是欧洲人口密度最大的国家之一，挪威和瑞典最小。丹麦人口密度处于这四国的中游水平，但是趋近于荷兰。
【3】考虑到人力资本是人口的重要特征，这四个国家的优势在于受教育人口的比例非常高。在1850年和1914年，斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国的教育普及率是全欧洲或者全世界最高的，而荷兰远高于欧洲平均水平。如此高的比例对于帮助国内经济在世界经济的改革浪潮中找到自己的位置有着巨大价值。
paragraph 6
The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited. This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were fortunate enough to be well placed in times of prosperity. In Sweden exports accounted for 18 percent of the national income in 1870, and in 1913, 22 percent of a much larger national income. In the early twentieth century, Denmark exported 63 percent of its agricultural production: butter, pork products, and eggs. It exported 80 percent of its butter, almost all to Great Britain, where it accounted for 40 percent of British butter imports.
11. According to paragraph 6, a major problem with depending heavily on international markets was that they
lacked stability
were not well suited to agricultural products
were largely controlled by the early industrializes
led to slower growth of local industries
解析：以international market做关键词定位至第二句，说international commerce存在巨大波动，所以正确答案是C缺乏稳定性。剩下的三个答案都没说
【6】这些国家成功的关键因素(教育水平高也起了促进作用)在于它们能够适应由早期工业化国家决定的国际劳动力分配，并且监视那些非常适合他们的国际市场的专业化领域。这意味着对波动剧烈的国际贸易市场存在着巨大的依赖。但它也意味着若有幸处于繁荣时期，一些生产要素的回报会特别高。1870年瑞典的出口额占国民收入的18%;在1912年更是达到国民收入的22%。在二十世纪初期，丹麦一度出口了63%的农产品：黄油、猪肉制品和蛋类等。其中，丹麦出口了将近80%的黄油，这些几乎都销往了英国，占了英国黄油进口总量的40%。
12. According to paragraph 6. what advantage could a country gain from being heavily involved in international commerce?
A steadily rising national income
Greater control over market fluctuations
High returns when things went well
A reduced need for imports
解析：还是international market做关键词定位至第二句，上题问international commerce有什么问题，这题问什么好处，第二句的后半句突然一个but，说明前面说不好后面要说好了，说回报率很高，所以答案是C，其他都没说
【6】这些国家成功的关键因素(教育水平高也起了促进作用)在于它们能够适应由早期工业化国家决定的国际劳动力分配，并且监视那些非常适合他们的国际市场的专业化领域。这意味着对波动剧烈的国际贸易市场存在着巨大的依赖。但它也意味着若有幸处于繁荣时期，一些生产要素的回报会特别高。1870年瑞典的出口额占国民收入的18%;在1912年更是达到国民收入的22%。在二十世纪初期，丹麦一度出口了63%的农产品：黄油、猪肉制品和蛋类等。其中，丹麦出口了将近80%的黄油，这些几乎都销往了英国，占了英国黄油进口总量的40%。
以上就是托福阅读TPO18-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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