托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO19-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO19-3 Discovering the Ice Ages
Paragraph 1:
In the middle of the nineteenth century, Louis Agassiz, one of the first scientists to study glaciers, immigrated to the United States from Switzerland and became a professor at Harvard University, where he continued his studies in geology and other sciences. For his research, Agassiz visited many places in the northern parts of Europe and North America, from the mountains of Scandinavia and New England to the rolling hills of the American Midwest. In all these diverse regions, Agassiz saw signs of glacial erosion and sedimentation. In flat plains country, he saw moraines (accumulations of earth and loose rock that form at the edges of glaciers) that reminded him of the terminal moraines found at the end of valley glaciers in the Alps. The heterogeneous material of the drift (sand, clay, and rocks deposited there) convinced him of its glacial origin.
3. According to paragraph 1, what persuaded Louis Agassiz that glaciation in the past had been widespread?
○Geologic differences between mountain valleys and flat plains
○The presence of similar glacial material in many different regions
○Geologic research on mountain glaciers in the Alps
○Evidence of regional differences in the dnft caused by glacial erosion
解析：人名多次出现，所以单纯使用人名作为关键词不好，配合glacial冰川做关键词。总共出现两次次，第一次是第一句介绍这个人，与答案无关;第二次是说这个人在不同的地方都发现了冰蚀和沉积痕迹，所以答案是B。D的regional difference说反;A的geologic difference原文没说，C答非所问
Paragraph 3-4
It soon became clear that there were multiple glacial ages during the Pleistocene, with warmer interglacial intervals between them. As geologists mapped glacial deposits in the late nineteenth century, they became aware that there were several layers of drift, the lower ones corresponding to earlier ice ages. Between the older layers of glacial material were well- developed soils containing fossils of warm-climate plants. These soils were evidence that the glaciers retreated as the climate warmed. By the early part of the twentieth century, scientists believed that four distinct glaciations had affected North America and Europe during the Pleistocene epoch.
This idea was modified in the late twentieth century, when geologists and oceanographers examining oceanic sediment found fossil evidence of warming and cooling of the oceans. Ocean sediments presented a much more complete geologic record of the Pleistocene than continental glacial deposits did. The fossils buried in Pleistocene and earlier ocean sediments were of foraminifera—small, single-celled marine organisms that secrete shells of calcium carbonate, or calcite. These shells differ in their proportion of ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) and the heavy oxygen isotope (oxygen-18). The ratio of oxygen-16 to oxygen-18 found in the calcite of a foraminifer's shell depends on the temperature of the water in which the organism lived. Different ratios in the shells preserved in various layers of sediment reveal the temperature changes in the oceans during the Pleistocene epoch.
6. According to paragraph 3, what did geologists conclude as a result of finding well-developed soils containing warm- climate plant fossils between layers of glacial drift?
There had been only one warm period before the Pleistocene epoch
There had been multiple periods of mild weather between ice ages
Several glacial periods occurred after the Pleistocene epoch
Some earlier epochs were warmer than the Pleistocene
解析：以warm-climate plant fossils做关键词定位至第三句，但这句没说结论是什么，往下看，下句说这些土壤是冰川后退的证据，所以正确答案是B。注意C的several glacial periods不对，原文说的是有若干个暖器
7. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, scientists modified their theory about the exact number of glaciations because of evidence obtained from
○ocean sediments
○interglacial soils
○glacial deposits
○air samples
解析：以modified their theory做关键词定位至第一句，说改变了idea的原因是他们看了oceanic sediment里面的化石，所以证据是来自ocean sediment的，答案是A
Paragraph 5:
Isotopic analysis of shells allowed geologists to measure another glacial effect. They could trace the growth and shrinkage of continental glaciers, even in parts of the ocean where there may have been no great change in temperature— around the equator, for example. The oxygen isotope ratio of the ocean changes as a great deal of water is withdrawn from it by evaporation and is precipitated as snow to form glacial ice. During glaciations, the lighter oxygen-16 has a greater tendency to evaporate from the ocean surface than the heavier oxygen-18 does. Thus, more of the heavy isotope is left behind in the ocean and absorbed by marine organisms. From this analysis of marine sediments, geologists have learned that there were many shorter, more regular cycles of glaciation and deglaciation than geologists had recognized from the glacial drift of the continents alone.
9. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that forammifera fossil shells containing calcite with high percentages of oxygen-16 were deposited at times when
○polar ice extended as far as equatorial regions of land and sea
○extensive glaciation was not occurring
○there were no great increases in ocean temperature
○there was heavy snowfall on continental glaciers
解析：以oxygen-16做关键词定位至第四句，说在冰期时候，氧16更容易蒸发，使得海水中的氧18就多，反过来氧16就多，也就是说，问题问的应该是暖期，所以答案是B，不存在广泛的冰川。ACD三项说的都是冷期，所以都说反了
11. In paragraph 5, why does the author include the information that the "oxygen isotope ratio of the ocean changes as a great deal of water is withdrawn from it by evaporation and is precipitated as snow to form glacial ice”?
○To explain how scientists were able to calculate how frequently the continental ice sheets expanded and contracted
○To explain how scientists have determined that there was no great change in ocean temperatures at the equator during past glaciations
○To provide evidence that oxygen-16 has a greater tendency to evaporate than does oxygen-18
○To suggest that equatorial marine organisms absorb more heavy isotopes than do marine organisms elsewhere
解析：修辞目的题，修辞点所在句子整个就是一个例子，所以往前看，前一句说科学家们能够分析冰川的进退，所以答案是A。B是前句的一个细节，C和D没说。
以上就是托福阅读TPO19-3中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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