托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO22-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO22-1 Spartina
paragraph 2
These natural salt marshes are among the most productive habitats in the marine environment. Nutrient-rich water is brought to the wetlands during each high tide, making a high rate of food production possible. As the seaweed and marsh grass leaves die, bacteria break down the plant material, and insects, small shrimplike organisms, fiddler crabs, and marsh snails eat the decaying plant tissue, digest it, and excrete wastes high in nutrients. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass. Each tidal cycle carries plant material into the offshore water to be used by the subtidal organisms.
2.According to paragraph 2, a major reason why natural salt marshes are so productive is that they are
A. inhabited by long-lived seaweed and marsh grasses that reproduce gradually
B. kept clear of excess plant material by the tides
C. regularly supplied with high levels of nutrients
D. home to a wide variety of different species of grasses
解析：以salt marshes are so productive做关键词定位至第二句，说nutrient-rich富营养的水被潮水带到marsh，导致生产率很高，所以正确答案是C。其他答案都没说 if
【2】这些天然的盐碱地位于海洋环境下最肥沃的生境中。涨潮时会给沼泽带来营养丰富的海水，使得高产量成为可能。随着海草和沼泽禾草叶子的死亡，细菌将植物体分解，昆虫、小型虾状浮游生物、招潮蟹和沼泽蜗牛吃掉了腐烂的植物组织，消化后排出富含营养的排泄物。沼泽里生活着无数的昆虫，它们以活着或死去的网茅组织为食，红翼歌鸫、麻雀、啮齿动物、兔子以及鹿都直接以网茅为食。每一个潮汐周期都会将植物带到近海海水中，它们可以被潮水下的生物所利用。
paragraph 3
Spartina is an exceedingly competitive plant. It spreads primarily by underground stems; colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root or when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent). Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina’s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.
6.According to paragraph 3, one reason that Spanina is able to compete in marsh environments so successfully is its ability to
A. alter the substrate in which it grows
B. convert sulfides into a usable form of sulfur
C. grow and produce seeds while floating on the surface of the water
D. produce carbon dioxide with great efficienc
解析：以marsh environments做关键词定位至倒数第二句，说spartina能够吸收sulfide并将其转化为sulfate，这一能力使spartina能够占领marsh environments，所以正确答案是B，A的改变substrate，C的floating on the surface和D的produce carbon dioxide都没讲到
【3】米草属植物是极具竞争力的植物。它主要通过地下茎向四周扩展;当根系或整株植物漂到一个地方扎了根，或者当种子漂到一个适合的地方发芽时，群落就形成了。从泥沙地到卵砾石地，米草属植物都能生长，其耐盐度在接近淡水(0.05%)和盐水(3.5%)的范围内。由于缺乏氧气，沼泽沉积物里的硫化物含量很高，，这些硫化物对多数植物而言是有毒的。米草属植物具有能够吸收硫化物并将其转换成为硫酸盐(一种植物可以利用的硫形式)的能力;这种能力使得米草属植物更易在沼泽环境中生存。另一个适应性优势就是米草属植物拥有比其它植物更能有效利用二氧化碳的能力。
Paragraph 4
These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment, changing the substrate elevation, and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration; it is also used for coastal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.
7.Paragraph 4 suggests that where Spanina occurs naturally, an established stand of it will eventually
A. create conditions in which it can no longer survive
B. get washed away by water flowing through the deep channels that form around it
C. become adapted to brackish water
D. take over other grass species growing in the area
解析：以established stand做关键词定位至第三句，说一旦establish之后，spartina会做blabla事情，stand变成high marsh system，spartina会被替代，所以正确答案是A的no longer survive。B的get washed，C的adapt和D的take over都没说
【4】这些特征使得在河口处自然生长的米草属植物成为了该地重要的组成部分。植物起到了稳定器和沉积物收集器的作用，而且还充当了河口鱼类和贝类的温床。一旦落地生根，米草属植物就开始截留沉积物，改变基质的海拔高度，最终这片米草属植物会逐渐被更高海拔的微咸淡水植物所取代，发展成了一个高海拔的沼泽系统。随着海拔高度的增加，沼泽中会遍布狭窄深凹的水道。在东海岸，人们认为米属草非常有用，因为它有防止侵蚀和沼泽退化的能力，而且它还被用于海岸恢复计划和构筑新的湿地。
8.According to paragraph 4, in its natural habitats, Spanina helps estuaries by
A. controlling marshland decline
B. decreasing the substrate elevation
C. reducing the brackishness of the water
D. increasing the flow of water into the estuary
解析：整段都在说spartina如何帮忙estuary的，所以淡出从问题中找关键词不行，使用排除法。A的marshland做关键词定位至最后一句，说spartina能阻止erosion和marshland deterioration，与A的decline是同义替换，正确;B的substrate elevation，C的reduce brackishness和D的increase the flow of water原文都没说
【4】这些特征使得在河口处自然生长的米草属植物成为了该地重要的组成部分。植物起到了稳定器和沉积物收集器的作用，而且还充当了河口鱼类和贝类的温床。一旦落地生根，米草属植物就开始截留沉积物，改变基质的海拔高度，最终这片米草属植物会逐渐被更高海拔的微咸淡水植物所取代，发展成了一个高海拔的沼泽系统。随着海拔高度的增加，沼泽中会遍布狭窄深凹的水道。在东海岸，人们认为米属草非常有用，因为它有防止侵蚀和沼泽退化的能力，而且它还被用于海岸恢复计划和构筑新的湿地。
paragraph 5,
Spartina was transported to Washington State in packing materials for oysters transplanted from the east coast in 1894. Leaving its insect predators behind, the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along Washington’s tidal estuaries on the west coast, crowding out the native plants and drastically altering the landscape by trapping sediment. Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats. It is already hampering the oyster harvest and the Dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches and waterfronts. Spartina has been transplanted to England and to New Zealand for land reclamation and shoreline stabilization. In New Zealand the plant has spread rapidly, changing mudflats with marshy fringes to extensive salt meadows and reducing the number and kinds of birds and animals that use the marsh.
11.According to paragraph 5, Spanina negatively affects wildlife in estuaries by
A. trapping fish and waterfowl in sediment
B. preventing oysters from transplanting successfully
C. turning mudflats into high marshes and salt meadows
D. expanding the marshy fringes of salt meadows
解析：问给生物带来了什么不好的影响，接第九题那句话，说spartina把tidal mudflat升高，使得环境变得对那些那些依靠mudflat的fish和waterfowl不利，所以答案是C。A错，原文说trapping sediment，不是fish and waterfowl;B的transport错，原文说的是阻止harvest;原文说把marshy fringe变成salt meadow，不是D的expand，D错
【5】1894年，为了将牡蛎从东海岸转移到华盛顿州，米草属植物被打包运往华盛顿州。由于将天敌甩在了身后，网茅沿着西海岸华盛顿州的潮汐河口缓慢而稳定地传播开来，挤走了本地植物，并通过截留沉积物极大地改变了当地的景观。米草属植物改造了沿海滩涂，将其转变成高海拔沼泽，这些沼泽对很多依赖滩涂生活的鱼类和水禽并不适合。米草属植物已经妨碍了牡蛎的打捞以及珍宝蟹的养殖，它干扰了海滩和海滨的娱乐用途。人们将米草属植物移栽到英国和新西兰，用于改良土地以及稳定海岸线。在新西兰，米草属植物迅速蔓延，它改变了沼泽，将沼泽地的边缘变成了广阔的盐渍草地，并减少了在沼泽生活的鸟类和动物的数量。
以上就是托福阅读TPO22-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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