托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO21-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO21-1 Geothermal energy
paragraph 1
Earth’s internal heat, fueled by radioactivity, provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes. It can also be becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a subsurface region of hot rocks (a heat reservoir) that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep. The water is usually naturally occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose
1 According to the processes described in paragraph 1, what is the relationship between radioactivity and the steam produced by geothermal heat?
A Geothermally heated steam is produced when water is exposed to radioactivity deep underground.
B When water is introduced into holes drilled thousands of feet in the ground, it becomes radioactive and turns to steam.
C Radioactivity heats Earth’s interior rock, which in turn can heat water to the point becomes steam.
D When a reservoir of steam in subsurface rock is produced by radioactivity, it is said to be geothermally heated.
解析：问radioactivity和steam的关系，所以找双关键词，分别定位至本段第一句和最后一句，第一句说radioactivity提供了地球的内热，最后一句说水变成蒸汽到达地表，水受热才能蒸汽，而这份热量是geothermal energy提供的，这就是二者的关系，所以答案是C。A的水暴露在radioactive underground时候steam产生没说;B水变成radioactive没说;D的radioactivity产生蒸汽更不靠谱
【1】地球内部因放射产生的热量为板块运动、大陆漂移、造山运动和地震提供了能量。这种热量还可以用来驱动发电机发电以及为家庭供暖。水流经地表下可能几百甚至几千英尺深的热岩区域(一种热储)被加热，当被加热的水将热量传递出来时，地热能就可以实际形式加以利用了。这些水通常是沿着岩石的断面下渗的天然地下水，少数情况下是人为从地表泵入的水。通过为了采集地热能所钻的孔，这些水会以液体或蒸汽的形式被带到地表。
Paragraph 2
By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade. Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.
4 According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about heat reservoirs with a temperature in the range of 80°to 180°centigrade?
A They are under international control.
B They are more common than reservoirs that have a higher temperature.
C Few of them produce enough heat to warm large industrial spaces.
D They are used to generate electricity.
解析：以80到180度做关键词定位至第一句，说最丰富的geothermal energy是在80到180度范围内的，所以同义替换是B的more common than higher temperature。A的international control原文没说;C与本段第二句说反;D在本段没提，但下一段说高于180度的可以用来发电，所以D说反了
【2】到目前为止，最丰富的地热能形式介于相对较低的80到180摄氏度的温度。在此温度范围内的热储内循环的水可以提取出足够的热量供居住区、商业区和工业区取暖。目前在法国有20 000间以上的公寓是由温暖的地下水供暖的，这些地下水来自位于巴黎附近叫做巴黎盆地的地质构造的热储。冰岛位于一个被称为是大西洋中脊的火山构造之上。冰岛的首都雷克雅维克完全是用火山热产生的地热能供暖的。
Paragraph 3
Geothermal reservoirs with temperatures above 180°centigrade are useful for generating electricity. They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic activity as hot, dry rock; natural hot water; or natural steam. The latter two sources are limited to those few areas where surface water seeps down through underground faults or fractures to reach deep rocks heated by the recent activity of molten rock material. The world’s largest supply of natural steam occurs at the Geysers,120 kilometers north of san Francisco, California. In the 1990s enough electricity to meet about half the needs of San Francisco was being generated there. This facility was then in its third decade of production and was beginning to show signs of decline, perhaps because of over development. By the late 1990s some 70 geothermal electric-generating plants were in operation in California, Utah, Nevada, and Hawaii, generating enough power to supply about a million people. Eighteen countries now generate electricity using geothermal heat.
5According to paragraph 3, what is the connection between underground faults and naturally occurring steam?
A Underground faults enable the heat from molten-rock material to escape upward to regions where it can heat surface water enough to produce steam.
B Underground faults are created by steam that is produced in geothermal reservoirs deep inside Earth.
C Underground faults create spaces in which natural steam is sometimes trapped.
D Underground faults allow surface water to reach deep rocks that are hot enough to turn it into steam.
解析：又是一个问两者关系的题，找双关键词，定位至第三句，说natural hot water和natural steam仅存在于那些地点，地表水通过fault或者fracture渗到地下，碰到被加热的blabla，答案明显是D。A说fault使heat跑上来，和原文的方向说反了，原文是水跑下去;B说steam创造了fault完全不靠谱;C的steam被trap原文没说
【3】温度高于180摄氏度的地热储集层可用来发电。这类地热储集层主要位于有近期火山活动的区域，以干热的岩石、天然热水或天然蒸汽的形式存在。后两种形式的储集层局限于少数区域，在这些区域，地表水通过地下断层或断裂渗入到被近期的熔岩活动加热的深层岩石。世界上最大的天然蒸汽供应位于加州旧金山以北120公里处的盖沙斯。二十世纪九十年代，那里产出的电能足够满足旧金山半数的需求。当时该电厂已经有三十个年头了，开始显示出发电量下降的迹象，这可能是由于过度的开发所致。到二十世纪九十年代末，加州、犹他州、内华达州和夏威夷约有70个地热发电厂在运转，产生的电能足够满足一百万人的需求。目前有18个国家在利用地热能发电。
Paragraph 4
Extracting heat from very hot, dry rocks present a more difficult problem: the rocks must be fractured to permit the circulation of water, and the water must be provided artificially. The rocks are fractured by water pumped down at very high pressures. Experiments are under way to develop technologies for exploiting this resource.
8. According to paragraph 4, extracting heat from very hot, dry rocks is difficult in part because
A The underground rock must be fractured before heat can be removed from it.
B The water above the rock is under very high pressure
C The rock breaks apart when water is pumped into it
D The water circulated through the rock must be much cooler than the rock itself
解析：整个问题做关键词定位至第一句，说从hot, dry rock抽热量是特别难的，必须先fracture rock，水也要人工引入，所以答案是A。D没说，B和C原文确实有说，但没有回答为什么难，也就是那种答非所问选项，所以也不对
【4】要从极干热的岩石中提取热量存在一个更大的难题：岩石需要有裂缝才能让水流通，而且水必须是人工提供的。通过泵入高压水可以将岩石断裂。开发利用此能源的技术的实验正在进行之中。
Paragraph 5
Like most other energy sources, geothermal energy presents some environmental problems. The surface of the ground can sink if hot groundwater is withdrawn without being replaced. In addition, water heated geothermally can contain salts and toxic materials dissolved from the hot rock. These waters present a disposal problem if they are not returned to the ground from which they were removed.
10.How is the problem that the surface man sink related to the problem that water heated geothermally may contain toxic materials ?
A Both problems could be solved by returning groundwater that is removed from an underground heat reservoir back to the reservoir after heat is extracted from it .
B The problem of sinking is more difficult to solve than is the problem of toxic materials.
C Land at the surface sinks because the rock beneath the surface is weakened when salts and toxic materials are removed from it in the process of extracting geothermal energy.
D Both problems are caused by the fact that the hot groundwater in a heat reservoir dissolves the rock, which weakens the rock and makes the water toxic with salt.
解析：又是一个问两者关系的题，本来应该找双关键词，但这段实在太短，找关键词还不如读完，快速扫完之后发现这两件事情都是由于开采地下水引起的问题，而且最后一句说如果不把地下水补充回去就会有问题，所以答案是A。两个问题之间是并列关系，既没有比较也没有因果，所以B和C都不对;D的dissolved溶解原文没说，也不对。
【5】就像大多数其它能源一样，地热能也具有一些环境问题。如果抽取地下热水而又不泵回，地表就会下沉。此外，地热加热的水含有从热岩中溶出的盐分和有毒物质。这些水如果不能被输送回抽取的地方，将会产生处理方面的问题。
以上就是托福阅读TPO21-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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