托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO24-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO24-3 Moving into Pueblos
Paragraph 1
In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs. Abandoning small extended-family households to move into these large pueblos with dozens if not hundreds of other people was probably traumatic. Few of the cultural traditions and rules that today allow us to deal with dense populations existed for these people accustomed to household autonomy and the ability to move around the landscape almost at will. And besides the awkwardness of having to share walls with neighbors, living in aggregated pueblos introduced other problems. For people in cliff dwellings, hauling water, wood, and food to their homes was a major chore. The stress on local resources, especially in the firewood needed for daily cooking and warmth, was particularly intense, and conditions in aggregated pueblos were not very hygienic.
3. According to paragraph 1, before the thirteenth century the people of southwestern North America lived in
A. households that
B. occupied dwellings that were built into the sides of cliffs
C. were largely free to conduct their lives as they pleased
D. enforced common standards of behavior and cooperative conduct within their communities
解析：如果这道题以十三世纪做关键词定位的话，读完第一句也不知道选哪个，因此用排除法较好。A的chore做关键词定位至倒数第二句，但原文只是列举了chore，没说选项说的share，A错;B的dwelling和sides of the cliffs做关键词定位至第一句，但建在cliff的是pueblo，不是十三世纪之前，所以B错;C在原文中没有明确说明，但看首句会发现十三世纪变化了，十三世纪以后大家一起住，有很多问题，也就是说十三世纪之前大家都是自己住自己的，也就是C说的conduct their lives as they pleased，C正确;D原文完全没说，不选
【1】在古代北美西南部的梅萨维德 地区，生活模式在十三世纪发生了变化，大量人群移居大型公社居住地，这种地方被称为普韦布洛，通常建造在峡谷边缘，尤其是在悬崖边。这些住户放弃小的扩展型家庭，进入到没有上百也有几十人的大的普韦布洛地区可能会感到不舒服。现在帮助我们处理密集人口的文化传统与规则几乎不存在于这些习惯了家庭自治和有能力随意搬迁的人。除了必须和邻居共用墙壁的尴尬外，住在人口聚集的普韦布洛地区产生了其他的问题。对于那些住在悬崖上的人，拉水、木头和食物到家里是主要的家务。本地资源的压力尤其是用于日常做饭和取暖的柴火特别紧张，在人口聚集的普韦布洛的环境也不是很卫生。
paragraph 3
Population growth is considered a particularly influential push. After several generations of population growth, people packed the landscape in densities so high that communal pueblos may have been a necessary outcome. Around Sand Canyon, for example, populations grew from 5 -12 people per square kilometer in the tenth century to as many as 30 - 50 by the 1200s.
5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following was one of the consequences of increasing population densities?
A. People were increasingly crowded into collections of large housing units.
B. People stopped planting crops that have relatively low yields.
C. Domestic buildings were pushed beyond the canyon limits.
D. The natural landscape was destroyed.
解析：以density做关键词定位至第二句，说经过若干代人口增长，density实在太大，使得pueblo成为一个不可避免的结果，所以正确答案是A，crowd into collections of large housing units。B的crop，C的canyon limits和D的destroy原文都没讲
【3】人口增长被认为是一个特别有影响力的推力。在经历几代的人口增长之后，人们使得这一地区的人口密度达到了如此高的程度以至于普韦布洛社区成为一个必需的结果。比如在砂峡谷，十世纪时每平方公里5到12人，到十三世纪时增加到了每平方公里30到50人。随着人口密度的增加，民房建筑变得更大，在拥挤的普韦布洛地区达到顶峰。一些学者通过强调养活越来越多的人口需要相应的耕地扩展了这一看法：小型水坝、水库、梯田以及房屋的建设表明十三世纪的农民一直在加紧努力。对于良田的竞争也会促使人们团结起来争取最好土地的权利。
Paragraph 4
As densities increased, domestic architecture became larger, culminating in crowded pueblos. Some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arable land to feed growing numbers of people: construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s. Competition for good farmland may also have prompted people to bond together to assert rights over the best fields.
9. According to paragraph 4, what did farmers do in response to falling temperatures during the Little Ice Age?
A. Moved to areas away from Mesa Verde
B. Moved closer to the northeastern part of Mesa Verde
C. Began to cultivate crops adapted to a short growing season
D. Gave up the cultivation of the highest-lying lands
解析：此题如果以falling temperature做关键词定位会出现找不到答案或者读一大堆的情况，找不到关键词的时候读首尾是个不错的方法。第一句说cooler temperature，最后一句说从south and west toward MESA，离开了高地，所以正确答案是D，放弃了高地。A说反;B错在不是MESA的东北部，而是朝向MESA;C的crop原文没说
【4】另外一个推动力量是小冰河时代的到来，这种气候现象导致了北半球气温的降低。尽快尚未到达小冰河时代的巅峰时期，一些证据仍表明十三世纪当时温度正在降低。与这种转变相关的环境变化并未受到充分认识，但是住在圣胡安山脉和普韦布洛地区的人们首先受到了影响。由于生长季节短，在这些海拔种植食物总是很困难。随着小冰河时代的到来，农民们可能将他们的耕地迁到更低的海拔地区去，侵入其他农民的土地并使人口聚集在一起，因而促进了群居。考古学家确认了向梅萨维德地区南部和西部并逃离更高海拔造成的人口变化。
paragraph 5
Another important push was the onset of the Little Ice Age, a climatic phenomenon that led to cooler temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. Although the height of the Little Ice Age was still around the corner, some evidence suggests that temperatures were falling during the thirteenth century. The environmental changes associated with this transition are not fully understood, but people living closest to the San Juan Mountains, to the northeast of Mesa Verde, were affected first. Growing food at these elevations is always difficult because of the short growing season. As the Little Ice Age progressed, farmers probably moved their fields to lower elevations, infringing on the lands of other farmers and pushing people together, thus contributing to the aggregations. Archaeologists identify a corresponding shift in populations toward the south and west toward Mesa Verde and away from higher elevations.
10. According to paragraph 5, major ceremonial events were occasions for
A. leaders to persuade people from the countryside to move into a pueblo
B. farmers to collect information about where crops could be reliably grown
C. people to develop better techniques for producing pottery and crafts
D. people in the early Puebloan era to share farm and craft products
解析:以major ceremonial events做关键词定位至第三句的最后半句，说ceremonial event提供了share food和crafts的机会，所以正确答案是D，其他都完全不靠谱
【5】在所有这些推动力面前，梅萨维德地区的人们还有另外一个搬进公共村庄的理由：对更多合作的需求。分享和合作几乎可以肯定是早期普韦布洛人生活的一部分，即使是那些分散在这一地区独立性比较强的单一家庭住宅也是这样。考古学家发现在十一世纪和十二世纪期间，即使是最与世隔绝的居民也能从很远的地方获得陶器，可能还有食物，而重大的宗教活动为这种分享食物和手工艺品提供了机会。学者们相信这种合作让人们在这种拼凑的但不断变化的环境中能相互竞争：如果在某一年，你收获了很多粮食作物，你可能会与远方一个不太容易获得农作物的盟友交换陶器，下一年货物可能会流向相反的方向。但是所有这一切似乎已经改变了十三世纪。尽管气候在一到两年间仍无法预测，但是在局部不会有太大变化。在收成差的年份里，每个人都会受影响。广泛共享已经不再有益了。取而代之，最明智的是一个地区的人们齐心协力生产尽可能多的食物，这样人口聚集的城市就是一个合理的安排。
11. According to paragraph 5, which of the following was a reason people in the Mesa Verde area formed communal villages in the thirteenth century?
A. The climate in the Mesa Verde area became more locally diverse.
B. Individuals were no longer interested in exchanging pottery and food.
C. Cooperation between people became more important for survival.
D. Bad years of farming began to occur more frequently.
解析：以thirteenth century做关键词定位至倒数第四句，说一切都在十三世纪发生了变化，接着所有的内容都在说十三世纪变化之后的事儿。最后一句特别指出最有效的方式是neighbor联合生产更多食物，因此aggregated town成为最好的arrangement，所以形成communal village的原因是C。A说反;B和D没说
【5】在所有这些推动力面前，梅萨维德地区的人们还有另外一个搬进公共村庄的理由：对更多合作的需求。分享和合作几乎可以肯定是早期普韦布洛人生活的一部分，即使是那些分散在这一地区独立性比较强的单一家庭住宅也是这样。考古学家发现在十一世纪和十二世纪期间，即使是最与世隔绝的居民也能从很远的地方获得陶器，可能还有食物，而重大的宗教活动为这种分享食物和手工艺品提供了机会。学者们相信这种合作让人们在这种拼凑的但不断变化的环境中能相互竞争：如果在某一年，你收获了很多粮食作物，你可能会与远方一个不太容易获得农作物的盟友交换陶器，下一年货物可能会流向相反的方向。但是所有这一切似乎已经改变了十三世纪。尽管气候在一到两年间仍无法预测，但是在局部不会有太大变化。在收成差的年份里，每个人都会受影响。广泛共享已经不再有益了。取而代之，最明智的是一个地区的人们齐心协力生产尽可能多的食物，这样人口聚集的城市就是一个合理的安排。
12. Paragraph 5 supports which of the following statements about cooperation among the people in the Mesa Verde area from the eleventh through the thirteenth century?
A. Cooperation allowed many households to give up farming and to specialize in making pottery and crafts.
B. People went from exchanging food and crafts they individually produced to sharing in a cooperative effort to produce as much food as possible.
C. Overtime there was less cooperation as farmers competed with each other for trade with distant areas.
D. Individuals stopped cooperating with each other because they did not have enough food for themselves.
解析：此题不用回原文定位，因为题目问的是十一世纪到十三世纪MESA人的cooperation怎么变的，而上题已经说了十三世纪人们合作，也就是以前是不怎么合作的，四个答案中只有B说到了合作生产更多食物，所以B是正确答案
【5】在所有这些推动力面前，梅萨维德地区的人们还有另外一个搬进公共村庄的理由：对更多合作的需求。分享和合作几乎可以肯定是早期普韦布洛人生活的一部分，即使是那些分散在这一地区独立性比较强的单一家庭住宅也是这样。考古学家发现在十一世纪和十二世纪期间，即使是最与世隔绝的居民也能从很远的地方获得陶器，可能还有食物，而重大的宗教活动为这种分享食物和手工艺品提供了机会。学者们相信这种合作让人们在这种拼凑的但不断变化的环境中能相互竞争：如果在某一年，你收获了很多粮食作物，你可能会与远方一个不太容易获得农作物的盟友交换陶器，下一年货物可能会流向相反的方向。但是所有这一切似乎已经改变了十三世纪。尽管气候在一到两年间仍无法预测，但是在局部不会有太大变化。在收成差的年份里，每个人都会受影响。广泛共享已经不再有益了。取而代之，最明智的是一个地区的人们齐心协力生产尽可能多的食物，这样人口聚集的城市就是一个合理的安排。
以上就是托福阅读TPO24-3中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
您还可能关注：
