托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO26-3的事实信息题(上)，一起来看看吧。
TPO26-3 Sumer and the First Cities of the Ancient Near East
Paragraph 1:
The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq. It was here that the civilization known as Sumer emerged in its earliest form in the fifth millennium. At first sight, the plain did not appear to be a likely home for a civilization. There were few natural resources, no timber, stone, or metals. Rainfall was limited, and what water there was rushed across the plain in the annual flood of melted snow. As the plain fell only 20 meters in 500 kilometers, the beds of the rivers shifted constantly. It was this that made the organization of irrigation, particularly the building of canals to channel and preserve the water, essential. Once this was done and the silt carried down by the rivers was planted, the rewards were rich: four to five times what rain-fed earth would produce. It was these conditions that allowed an elite to emerge, probably as an organizing class, and to sustain itself through the control of surplus crops.
1: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a disadvantage of the Mesopotamian plain?
○There was not very much rainfall for most of the year.
○ Melting snow caused flooding every year.
○ The silt deposited by rivers damaged crops.
○ Timber, stone and metals were not readily available.
解题：A选项的rainfall和B的melting snow做关键词定位至第五句，都正确，不选;C的silt确实讲过，但并没讲damaged crops，所以C错，选;D的timber, stone and metals定位至第四句，正确，不选。
【1】古代西亚地区最早的城邦出现在美索不达米亚平原的最南边，这个位于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间如今被称为伊拉克的地区。5 000年前，正是在这里出现了苏美尔文明的早期形态。乍看之下，这个平原并不像是一个(古老)文明的发源地。这里自然资源稀缺，木材、石料以及金属都极其匮乏。降雨量有限，当地水资源的主要来源是每年冰雪融化导致的冲过平原的洪水。因为该平原在方圆500公里内的海拔落差只有20米，所以河床(的位置)不断地发生变化。这就使得灌溉系统的规划至关重要，特别是(如何)建造水渠以疏导和保存水资源。这些灌溉工程完成以及河流冲积下的淤泥就会沉积在此处，带来的回报相当可观：其产出量会比靠雨水滋润的土地高出4~5倍。正是这些环境条件使得在该地诞生了一个可能充当管理阶层的“精英”，这一阶层通过对余粮的控制来养活自己。
2: According to paragraph 1, which of the following made it possible for an elite to emerge?
○ New crops were developed that were better suited to conditions on the Mesopotamian plain.
○ The richest individuals managed to gain control of the most valuable cropland.
○ Control over the few available natural resources made some people four to five times richer than everyone else.
○ The building of canals to increase agricultural output required organization.
解题：以elite to emerge做关键词定位至尾句，但这句话的these说明应该往前看，上句的this was done说明应该继续往前，前句说organization of irrigation和building canals非常重要，所以正确答案是D。没再往前是因为已经有答案了。A的new crop没提，B和C犯了类似的错误，原文讲土壤肥沃，不是人有钱，所以都错。
【1】古代西亚地区最早的城邦出现在美索不达米亚平原的最南边，这个位于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间如今被称为伊拉克的地区。5 000年前，正是在这里出现了苏美尔文明的早期形态。乍看之下，这个平原并不像是一个(古老)文明的发源地。这里自然资源稀缺，木材、石料以及金属都极其匮乏。降雨量有限，当地水资源的主要来源是每年冰雪融化导致的冲过平原的洪水。因为该平原在方圆500公里内的海拔落差只有20米，所以河床(的位置)不断地发生变化。这就使得灌溉系统的规划至关重要，特别是(如何)建造水渠以疏导和保存水资源。这些灌溉工程完成以及河流冲积下的淤泥就会沉积在此处，带来的回报相当可观：其产出量会比靠雨水滋润的土地高出4~5倍。正是这些环境条件使得在该地诞生了一个可能充当管理阶层的“精英”，这一阶层通过对余粮的控制来养活自己。
Paragraph 2:
It is difficult to isolate the factors that led to the next development—the emergence of urban settlements. The earliest, that of Eridu, about 4500 B.C.E., and Uruk, a thousand years later, center on impressive temple complexes built of mud brick. In some way, the elite had associated themselves with the power of the gods. Uruk, for instance, had two patron gods—Anu, the god of the sky and sovereign of all other gods, and Inanna, a goddess of love and war—and there were others, patrons of different cities. Human beings were at their mercy. The biblical story of the Flood may originate in Sumer. In the earliest version, the gods destroy the human race because its clamor had been so disturbing to them.
4: According to paragraph 2, Eridu and Uruk are examples of urban settlements that
○ lacked the features usually found in other early urban settlements
○ developed around religious buildings
○ grew much more rapidly than most of the urban settlements found in Sumer
○ were mysteriously destroyed and abandoned
解题：两个专有名词做关键词定位至第二句，说这两个族是以temple为中心发展的，也就是B说的religious buildings，所以答案是B。A和C的urban settlement，D的destroy原文都没说。
【2】很难把导致苏美尔文明进一步发展，即城市聚居点的出现的诸多因素孤立起来看待。其中最早的，如公元前4500年的埃利都以及之后1000年出现的乌鲁克，都以用泥砖建造的令人惊叹的庙宇群为中心。通过某些方式，这些“精英”将自己与神灵之力联系在一起。以乌鲁克为例，这个城邦有两个守护神——天神以及众神之主安努和爱与战争女神伊南娜——不同的城市还有其他的守护神。人类受神灵庇佑且掌控。圣经中关于洪水的故事可能起源于苏美尔。在最早的版本中，神灵们意图毁灭人类，因为人类太过喧嚣吵闹令诸神厌烦不已。
以上就是托福阅读TPO26-3中的事实信息题及其解析(上)，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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