托福阅读否定事实信息题是阅读考试十大题型之一，通常每篇阅读中都会出现;tpo是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的否定事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO25-2的否定事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping
Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First, Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea, where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties, were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars): guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers, and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space), with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem, despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590, this did not elicit an increased supply.
4. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 2 as ways that Venice provided rowers for its galley EXCEPT
○ Requiring business associations to provide sailors
○ Recruiting sailors from other cities in northern Italy
○ Drafting Venetian citizens into services as rowers
○ Appealing to the traditions of Venice as a sea power.
解析：以A的business association 和C的drafting citizen为关键词定位至第三句，说guild通过 drafting system提供了划桨的人，所以选项A和C正确，不选;B 的 northern Italy 做关键词定位至最后一句，但这句话没有回答问题所问的划桨人的事儿，所以错，是答案;D的 tradition和 sea power 做关键词定位至倒数第二句，正确，不选。
[2] 这一衰退很明显地体现在影响威尼斯的航运以及贸易的变化上。首先，威尼斯在亚得里亚海上的中介功能——它曾控制着亚得里亚海上其他团体的航运产业——败给了直接贸易。在15世纪时期，为单层甲板大帆船(一种靠划桨驱动的大船)征募水手不算一个问题：行会(商业协会)负责提供桨手，当有需要的时候，会通过征用系统强制征召一些没有工作的公民。在16世纪早期，桨手的短缺问题还不算严重，由于圆船(一种使用圆形船体以提供更多货舱空间的船只)的出现，限制了单层甲板大帆船的需求，而圆船只需要很少的桨手。然而，尽管一再强调威尼斯那海事之伟大的传统，但是船员的短缺被证明是一个日益严重的问题。甚至当意大利北部城市水手的工资在1550年到1590年间翻倍时，水手的数量依然没有增长。
Paragraph 3:The problem in shipping extended to the Arsenale, Venice’s huge and powerful shipyard. Timber ran short, and it was necessary to procure it from father and father away. In ancient Roman times, the Italian peninsula had great forest of fir preferred for warships, but scarcity was apparent as early as the early fourteenth century. Arsenale officers first brought timber from the foothills of the Alps, then from north toward Trieste, and finally from across the Adriatic. Private shipbuilders were required to buy their oak abroad. As the costs of shipbuilding rose, Venice clung to its outdated standard while the Dutch were innovation in the lighter and more easily handled ships.
Paragraph 4:The step from buying foreign timber to buying foreign ships was regarded as a short one, especially when complaints were heard in the latter sixteenth century that the standards and traditions of the Arsenale were running down. Work was stretched out and done poorly. Older workers had been allowed to stop work a half hour before the regular time, and in 1601 younger works left with them. Merchants complained that the privileges reserved for Venetian-built and owned ships were first extended to those Venetians who bought ships from abroad and then to foreign-built and owned vessels. Historian Frederic Lane observes that after the loss of ships in battle in the late sixteenth century, the shipbuilding industry no longer had the capacity to recover that it had displayed at the start of the century.
7. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 and 4 as contributing to the problems of the Venetian shipbuilding industry at the end of the sixteenth century EXCEPT
○ The quality of work performed in the Arsenale had declined
○ Venetian–built ships were heavy and generally inefficient
○ Arsenale shipbuilders worked more slowly
○ Only a few merchants controlled the buying and selling of most of the Venetian-built ships
解析：以A的Arsenal做关键词定位至第三段和第四段首句，第四段首句和 A都说质量下降， 所以A正确，不选;选项B在原文中没有直接说明，但第三段末句说威尼斯已经 out了，荷兰的更轻，更easily handled，也就是说威尼斯的重而且inefficient，所以B正确， 不选;C的work more slowly 做关键词定位至第四段第二句，说 work被stretch了，也就是 slowly，所以C正确，不选;D 原文没说。
[3] 航运的问题延伸到了威尼斯军械库，威尼斯那庞大且颇具实力的造船厂。木材短缺，必须从很远的地方运来。在古罗马时期，意大利半岛上有茂密的冷杉林，冷杉是建造军舰的好材料，但是不足的现象早在14世纪早期就出现了。军械库的长官最早从阿尔卑斯山脚下购买木材，而后则从北部到的里雅斯特地区(购买木材)，最后则需跨过亚得里亚海(才能购得木材)。私人造船厂则不得不从国外购置橡木。当造船的成本增加时，威尼斯依旧固守着它那过时了的标准，而与此同时，荷兰则转向更轻更易操作的新型船只方面的创新。
[4] 从国外购买木材进而购买船只这一步很快就完成了，特别是在16世纪后期传出对威尼斯军械库不良的标准和传统的抱怨时。工人消极怠工，成品质量低下。老员工被允许在正常工时结束前半个小时就收工，到了1601年，年轻的员工也如此效仿。商人们抱怨那些建造和拥有船只的威尼斯人所拥有的特权先是扩展到那些从国外购得船只的威尼斯人身上，而后又进一步扩展到建造并拥有船只的外国人身上。历史学家弗雷德里克•莱恩观察到，自从16世纪后期在战场上损失了船只之后，造船业再也没有能力恢复到16世纪初那样了。
以上就是托福阅读TPO25-2中的否定事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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