托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO31-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO31-1Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations
【3】Geographic isolation also can proceed slowly, over great spans of time. We find evidence of such extended events in the fossil record, which affords glimpses into the breakup of formerly continuous environments. For example, during past ice ages, glaciers advanced down through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another. When the glacier retreated, the separated populations of plants and animals came into contact again. Some groups that had descended from the same parent population were no longer reproductively compatible—they had evolved into separate species. In other groups, however, genetic divergences had not proceeded so far, and the descendants could still interbreed—for them, reproductive isolation was not completed, and so speciation had not occurred.
6.According to paragraph 3，separation of subpopulations by glaciers resulted in speciation in those groups of plants and animals that
A.were reproductively isolated even after the glaciers disappeared.
B.had adjusted to the old conditions caused by the glaciers.
C. were able to survive being separated from their parent population.
D.had experienced some genetic divergences from their parent population.
解析：根据Glaciers 和 plants and animals定位，可得知这是glacier separation 导致的结果。所以对应选项A。
【3】地理隔离也能缓慢地进行，会跨越很长的时间段。我们在化石记录中找到了这种长期证据，从中我们可以瞥见先前延续环境的破碎。比如说，在过去的冰河世纪，经过北美和欧洲的冰川最终把种群的部分彼此切断，当冰川消退后，这些分离的动植物种群又会连到一起。一些起源于同一母群的群体变得不再那么容易兼容——它们演化成了分开的物种。然而，在另一些群体里，遗传差异并没有那么明显，后代们还是可以种族内互相交配的繁殖，隔离并没有彻底，所以物种形成就没有发生。
【4】Allopatric speciation can also be brought by the imperceptibly slow but colossal movements of the tectonic plates that make up Earth’s surface. About 5 million years ago such geologic movements created the land bridge between North America and South America that we call the Isthmus of Panama. The formation of the isthmus had important consequences for global patterns of ocean water flow. While previously the gap between the continents had allowed a free flow of water, now the isthmus presented a barrier that divided the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean. This division set the stage for allopatric speciation among populations of fishes and other marine species.
8. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the geologic movements that brought about the Isthmus of Panama?
A.The movements brought populations of certain fishes and marine organisms into contact with one another for the first time.
B.The movements transferred populations of fishes and other marine animals between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
C.The movements created conditions that allowed water to flow more freely between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
D.The movements created conditions for the formation of new species of fishes and other marine animals.
解析：根据 Isthmus of Panama 定位。从About开始。本段的 最后一句说了isthmus of Panama带来的结果，对应了D选项。
【4】异域性物种的形成也可能是由构成地球表面的地壳构造板块运动所产生的，这个运动虽略微缓慢但却异常剧烈。大约五百万年前这种地质运动形成了连接北美和南美的大陆桥，也就是我们今天所说的巴拿马地峡。巴拿马地峡的形成对全球洋流的模式产生了重大的影响。之前，大陆间的这个缺口可以让水自由流动，而现在巴拿马地峡在大西洋和太平洋之间形成了一道屏障。这个地域分割为鱼和其他海洋物种的异域性物种形成创造了条件。
【5】In the 1980s, John Graves studied two populations of closely related fishes, one population from the Atlantic side of isthmus, the other from the Pacific side. He compared four enzymes found in the muscles of each population. Graves found that all four Pacific enzymes function better at lower temperatures than the four Atlantic versions of the same enzymes. This is significant because Pacific seawater is typically 2 to 3 degrees cooler than seawater on the Atlantic side of isthmus. Analysis by gel electrophoresis revealed slight differences in amino acid sequence of the enzymes of two of the four pairs. This is significant because the amino acid sequence of an enzyme is determined by genes.
10.According to paragraph 5, by comparing the enzymes from two related groups of fishes on opposite sides of the isthmus, Graves found evidence that
A.there were slight genetic divergences between the two groups.
B.the Atlantic group of fishes were descended from the Pacific group of fishes.
C.the temperature of water on either side of the isthmus had changed.
D.genetic changes in the Atlantic group of fishes were more rapid and frequent than in the Pacific group of fishes.
解析：跟上面一题对应的位置是一样的。或者可以根据Graves found定位，阅读后面的部分可得出答案A。
【5】20世纪80年代，约翰??格雷夫斯研究了两个紧密相关的鱼种，一种来自地峡的大西洋一侧，另一种来自太平洋那一侧。他比较了每个鱼种肌肉里的四种酶。格雷夫斯发现在低温条件下，位于太平洋一侧的鱼种里的全部四类酶比大西洋一侧的四种酶功能更好。这个发现很重要，因为太平洋的海水的水温通常要比地峡另一侧大西洋的海水低2到3度。凝胶电泳的分析显示，四对中的两对酶的氨基酸序列略有不同。这也很重要，因为酶的氨基酸序列是由基因决定的。
以上就是托福阅读TPO31-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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