托福阅读笔记。说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的是TPO30 Role of Play in Development的学习笔记，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO30 Role of Play in Development
文章题材：社会学科——游戏在发展中的作用
常见词汇：
social ['səuʃəl] adj. 社会的，社交的n. 社交聚会
incapable [in'keipəbl] adj. 无能力的，不胜任的
delineate [di'lini.eit] vt. 描绘，叙述，画出
available [ə'veiləbl] adj. 可用的，可得到的，有用的，有效的
prevent [pri'vent] v. 预防，防止
exposure [iks'pəuʒə] n. 面临(困难)，显露，暴露，揭露，曝光
competition [kɔmpi'tiʃən] n. 比赛，竞争，竞赛
transition [træn'ziʃən] n. 过渡，转变
potentially [pə'tenʃəli] adv. 潜在地
function ['fʌŋkʃən] n. 功能，函数，职务，重大聚会
易错题解析：
Paragraph 3:Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.
4.According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPT
O exposure to predators
O a buildup of fat stores
O a loss of fuel that could be used for growth
O risk of injury from slipping or falling
题型：否定事实信息题。答案是(B)
解析：从Therefore开始后面的都是potential cost。三种cost已经用红色字体标出。B选项看似提到了，但是原文是说失去了fat store的机会，而不是因为play而build up了。所以B错。
Paragraph 6:Play allows a young animal to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats or predators. Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and mating. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression and to understand the give-and-take involved in social groups.They need to learn how to be dominant and submissive because each monkey might have to play either role in the future. Most of these things are learned in the long developmental periods that primates have, during which they engage in countless play experiences with their peers.
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
O Only monkeys that have learned to control their selfish and aggressive behaviors can be involved in social groups.
O Selfish and aggressive animals like monkeys live in groups in order to practice appropriate social behaviors.
O Monkeys and other social animals need to learn behaviors appropriate for their social groups.
O Some monkeys are naturally too selfish and aggressive to understand the give-and-take of social groups, so they learn such important behaviors while young.
题型：句子简化题。答案是(C)
解析：这道题中的原句主干是learning social behavior is important，特别是对于群居的动物。然后用了monkey做例证。A选项只提到了monkeys要控制自己才能融入群体，但没提到主干部分。 B选项说自私和攻击性强的动物药学social behavior，这就把其他动物排除在外了，改变了原句的意思。C正确，不仅提到了monkey也说到了其他的social animals(which means species that live in groups)为了融入群体要学social behavior。 D是错误选项，原文并没说猴子太自私以至于不能理解give and take…与原文矛盾，不选。
以上就是小编带来的托福阅读笔记之TPO30 Role of Play in Development,希望能够和备考的大家一起学习。更多托福考试资讯请关注前程百利。
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