事实信息题是托福阅读的一道重要题型，在托福阅读考试当中经常会出现。下面前程百利小编就给大家分享如何应对托福阅读中的事实信息题。
事实信息题常见的出题形式有以下四种：
1. Common details 关于某一事物的when，where，who，how等问题;
2. Which is true/support 从四个选项中选出唯一符合文章内容的信息;
3. Differ/difference 仔细辨别两个事物之间的差异;
4. Because/why/reason/factor 探究事物的原因或导致某一现象的因素。
对于事实信息题，我们用两个技巧就可以解决这四个问题：
技巧1：关键词的替换及定位
例：The chief problem was technological: How were the Europeans to reach the East? Europe's maritime tradition had developed in the context of easily navigable seas-the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and, to a lesser extent, the North Sea between England and the Continent-not of vast oceans. New types of ships were needed, new methods of finding one's way, new techniques for financing so vast a scheme.
According to Paragraph 2, what was the main difficulty Europeans have to overcome in order to develop a new way of trading with the East?
A. Europeans were unwilling to invest in large-scale commercial ventures.
B. Europeans lacked the means for navigating long distances across oceans.
C. Europeans were unwilling to experiment with new business techniques.
D. Europeans lacked knowledge about the commercial methods of other peoples.
利用关键词替换及定位的技巧，我们用三个步骤就可以解答这道事实信息题：
Step1: 找出定位词，根据该词粗略定位答案的所在位置。
在上面这个例子当中，可以用来定位的词有“Europeans”，“trading”和“East”。
Step2：在题干中找出可替换的关键词，根据该词去找文中的替换词。
在这里，我们需要在原文中找Europeans遇到的main difficulty是什么。
Step3: 在文中替换词的地方开始进行延伸式阅读，最终找到与题目相关的答题点。
我们根据题干中的关键词定位到原文这段话的第一句，即“欧洲人要到达东方所面临的一个主要问题就是技术上的问题。”其实，后面的那些句子都是在解释这个技术上的问题。
下面我们来看选项：A选择说“欧洲人不愿意去投资”，这显然不是技术上的问题;B选项说“缺乏一些导航的工具”，这个是偏技术上的问题;C选项说“欧洲人不愿意试用新的商业技巧”，也涉及到一些商业技巧的问题，不符合technological;D选项说“缺乏了一些有关他人的经商方法的知识”，同样不符合technological。这样用排除法就可以选出正确答案了。
技巧2：运用比较与对照
例：Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population. The function of these is quite different. Many are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife. Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
According paragraph 4, what is the difference between statues that represent the Egyptian elite and statues that represent the nonelite classes?
A. Statues of the elite are included in tombs, but statues of the nonelite are not.
B. Statues of the elite are in motionless poses, while statues of the nonelite are in active poses.
C. Statues of the elite are shown standing, while statues of the nonelite are shown sitting or kneeling.
D. Statues of the elite serve an important function, while statues of the nonelite are decorative.
利用比较与对照的技巧，我们用两个步骤就可以解答这道事实信息题：
Step1：看清题干，明确两者是比较还是对照关系，以及两个对象各是什么。
Step2：在文中找出表示similarly或difference的用词，做延伸式阅读，明确差异点。
首先，根据题干中的elite和nonelite定位到原文加粗字体部分，这两者的主要差别就是：一个是静态的，一个是动态的行为。这样就直接可以判断B选项为正确选项。因为B选项中的“motonless”对应了原文中的“static(静态的)”，而“active”对应了原文中的“action”。
通过上面的讲解，相信大家对托福阅读当中的事实信息题有了一定的了解。想要了解有关托福阅读的更多内容，请关注前程百利考试。最后，小编祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩!
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