托福阅读修辞目的题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料 ，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的修辞目的题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO4-3的修辞目的题，一起来看看吧。
TPO4-3 Petroleum Resources
Paragraph 1
Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.
Paragraph 2 Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. █As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. █Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. █Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment. █
3.In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to
○Describe how petroleum is formed
○Explain why petroleum formation is a slow process
○Provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation
○Show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas
解析：问两段，分别看两段的开头，第一段开头说石油是怎么开始的，第二段第一句说继续沉积blabla，也就是在延续第一段所说的石油的形成过程，所以A正确
[1]石油是由原油和天然气组成，似乎都源自于海洋的有机物沉淀。微小的有机物沉积到海底并堆聚在海泥里，有机物会局部分解，消耗沉淀里的溶解氧，当氧气消耗殆尽分解便停止，留下剩余的有机物。
[2] 持续的沉积——堆积物沉积到海底的过程将有机物埋在海底使之受到海底温度、高压的影响，最终转变成石油和天然气。当泥状沉积物被挤压在一起时，天然气和石油液滴会被挤出泥层，然后进入附近的沙层。经过很长的一个周期(数百万年)，积聚的天然气和石油会在沙层中聚集。因为石油和天然气的密度都比水低，所以他们通常通过饱含水的岩层和沉积物往上升。
Paragraph6
Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed. The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area. Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution. Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.
12.In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to
○Provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment
○Describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress
○Give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment
○Explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
解析：问整个第六段，看第一句，说整个从石油开采一直到市场上的任何一环都有可能污染环境，所以A是正确答案;只是说有可能污染环境，没说事故，B不对;原文只是给出事实，没有任何分析，C错;D错因为没说减少污染
[6]此外，从地下和海底开采石油并运送到消费者的途中的任何地方都会产生环境问题。如果石油运输管道因为故障或塌方损坏，将会造成严重的石油泄漏。运载石油的油轮在发生碰撞或意外搁浅(如在1989年阿拉斯加发生的油轮搁浅)的情况下，石油泄露会导致海上产生浮油。海上钻井平台也可能会泄露石油，导致油污漂流到岸上造成海滩污染，危害环境。有时一个油田的石油被抽取后，地面会发生下沉。加利福尼亚州长滩附近的威尔明顿油田在50年内下沉了9米;人们不得不建造保护围墙以防止海水灌进这个地区。最后，石油炼制、燃烧以及其产品也会造成空气污染。不过不管怎样，先进的技术和严格的法律正在协助控制这些对环境的不利影响。
以上就是托福阅读TPO4-3中的修辞目的题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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