说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的托福阅读笔记是TPO24 Breathing During Sleep的学习笔记，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO24 Breathing During Sleep
文章题材：生命科学——睡眠中的呼吸
常见词汇：
capable ['keipəbl] adj. 有能力的，足以胜任的，有 ... 倾向的
reduction [ri'dʌkʃən] n. 减少，缩小，(化学)还原反应，(数学)约分
irritation [.iri'teiʃən] n. 刺激，烦恼，刺激物
tend [tend] v. 趋向，易于，照料，护理
pressure ['preʃə] n. 压力，压强，压迫v. 施压
interaction [.intə'rækʃən] n. 相互作用，相互影响，互动交流
illustrate ['iləstreit] v. 举例说明，(为书)作插图，图解
exclude [iks'klu:d] vt. 除外，排除，拒绝
refute [ri'fju:t] vt. 驳斥，反驳，证明
balloon [bə'lu:n] n. 气球
易错题解析：
paragraph1: Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in respiratory control are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they function. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job. However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep.
1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following can be inferred about the diaphragm during sleep?
○During sleep the diaphragm requires increased movement of the rib cage.
○The diaphragm helps with breathing as movements of the rib cage decrease during sleep.
○The diaphragm requires a great amount of pressure to function properly.
○The diaphragm contributes to the effective functioning of the rib cage.
题型：推论题。答案是(B)
解析：题干关键词为“the diaphragm during sleep”以关键词定位至第三句和第四句“Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job.”，说rib cage运动变少，使得diaphragm更重要，但因为是躺着的，stomach的压力使得diaphragm工作起来更困难，所以B选项的在rib cage运动放缓时，diaphragm帮助进行呼吸是正确答案。
A项和C项不是原文表达的意思，D项原文中没有提及。
易错选项：(D)。
paragraph4: But that is not all that changes. During all phases of sleep, several changes in the air passages have been observed. It takes twice as much effort to breathe during sleep because of greater resistance to airflow in the airways and changes in the efficiency of the muscles used for breathing. Some of the muscles that help keep the upper airway open when breathing tend to become more relaxed during sleep, especially during REM (the phase of sleep in which there is rapid eye movement). Without this muscular action, inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon—the narrow passages tend to collapse. Also there is a regular cycle of change in resistance between the two sides of the nose. If something blocks the "good" side, such as congestion from allergies or a cold, then resistance increases dramatically. Coupled with these factors is the loss of the complex interactions among the muscles that can change the route of airflow from nose to mouth.
5. What is the author's purpose in stating that inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon?
○To refute the argument that additional effort is necessary for breathing during sleep
○To argue that REM sleep is more important than NREM sleep
○To illustrate the difficulty of breathing during sleep
○To illustrate how blockage of narrow passages can be prevented during sleep
题型：修辞目的题。答案是(C)
解析：先看修辞点所在的句子，“Without this muscular action, inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon—the narrow passages tend to collapse.”原句“没有这种肌肉活动，吸气就想是从气球里面往外吸气一样，通道会越来越窄”整个都是一个例子，往前看。前一句仍然在说肌肉relax的事情，因此也是例子，所以看开头， “During all phases of sleep, several changes in the air passages have been observed. It takes twice as much effort to breathe during sleep because of greater resistance to airflow in the airways and changes in the efficiency of the muscles used for breathing.”开头说air passage在睡觉期间变了很多，紧接着就解释睡觉期间呼吸很难，随后举了两个例子知道被考察的句子。所以被考察的例子的目的也就是开头所指的变化是睡觉的时候呼吸变难，所以正确答案是C。
以上就是小编带来的托福阅读笔记之TPO24 Breathing During Sleep,希望能够和备考的大家一起学习。更多托福考试资讯请关注前程百利。
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