托福阅读句子理解的关键是单词和语法。托福阅读的基础是句子。拿到一篇文章,我们需要很顺畅地读下去,并且反应出其中的核心内容,不被各种奇奇怪怪的结构给绊倒。刚接触托福阅读的同学,可能会觉得这个要求还有点难度。但是托福阅读句子的攻克第一步在于理解句子。
理解句子的关键,说到底就是单词和语法。并不要求我们能掌握文章里面全部的单词,但是请确保自己不认识的单词主要是那些学科的专有名词。对于这些词,我们只要做到在后面出题出现这个词的时候,能迅速反应出来它出现在什么地方。如果除了这些单词之外,还有相当数量的单词不认识,我觉得很有必要背单词提高自己的词汇量,尤其是副词形容词和动词这样句子的核心成分,要大量积累。值得一提的是,副词形容词和动词是单词题的常客。
语法,说起来会比较笼统一点,因为本身这是一个非常广泛的概念。幸运的是,对于阅读这个单项,我们可以扔掉语法里面的绝大部分,单挑句法就够了。进一步,句法里面我们只要学会分清主次。再进一步,我们只要牢抓主句即可。下面将TPO阅读里面的长句分四类做分析。
1、较多插入语类
这类句子不难,我们阅读时候只要找到核心动词就万事大吉了。比如下面的例子:
TPO19-3
With "climax," "biome," "superorganism," and various other technical terms for the association of animals and plants at a given locality being criticized, the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted for the whole system of associated organisms together with the physical factors of their environment.
显然with结构我们可以先不管,下一个分句出现了核心动词“was adopted”,于是整个长句的内容我们心里有底了。要牢记其他的修饰语是对应主句成分的,一开始的with结构对应和ecosystem的对比,结尾的together with结构描述的正是ecosystem的内容。于是分析如下:
Topic:definition of ecosystem
Details:more widely adopted than other terms、System of organisms and physical factors.
2、标点符号类
在一般的主从句之间加入标点符号,往往可以插入更多的内容,从而呈现在我们面前一句超长的句子(词数35+甚至40+)。另外,对英文标点不熟悉的同学可能会被这类句子弄晕。不过其实,这种句子看懂之后其实比上面还要简单。托福阅读出现较多的标点符号有破折号、冒号和分号。破折号用在托福文章中,主要是插入同位语的功能。英文中冒号的用法有一点值得注意-冒号前必须是具有完整结构的句子;冒号之后的内容主要是解释说明冒号前的内容。分号的作用很简单,常用于分离没有连接词连接的句子。通常用在非常严肃正式的文体中,托福写作中不太推荐使用。
3、长并列句
其实这类句子不能算是难句,因为句子结构不算复杂。最常见的句子结构是并列,其次是比较。如下句:
TPO4-1
The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.
核心内容是研究者确定了西欧洞穴画作的三个主要发现地,至于后面的一二三点就是在分别描述三个发现地。在阅读的时候,这部分内容可以略读,只要知道大概的框架,如果后面遇到题目,知道在这里能找到就行了。
4、混合类复杂句
这类相当于上面三类的混合体。下面特别挑了一句超长的句子和大家一起分析:
TPO23-3
While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites, which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years a number of writers have warned that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia, in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important.
While表示“尽管”的意思,找到主语是a number of writers,核心动词warned,主干有了。破折号部分解释sequence,分析时候可以暂时不管,把破折号前后的句子连起来读,就是warn引导的宾语从句的核心内容。于是分析如下:
Topic:A number of writers warned the underlying assumption obscures the cultural continuities.
Details:This sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites.
This view is accepted by many people for over many thousands of years.
This sequence is a development from simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic.
geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important is very important in Aboriginal Australia.
以上就是前程百利小编为考生带来的托福阅读句子理解的关键是单词和语法的说明。在句子的理解中,希望大家也要从单词和语法两方面着手。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!

